In this work, the structural transformations of a suboxide vacuum-deposited film of SiO_1.3 composition annealed in an inert atmosphere in a wide temperature range of 100 °C–1100 °C were characterized by the reflection-transmission spectroscopy technique. The experimental spectroscopic data were used to obtain the spectra of the absorption coefficient α(hν) in the absorption edge region of the film. Based on their processing, the dependences of Urbach energy EU and optical (Tauc) bandgap Eo on the annealing temperature were obtained. An assessment of the electronic band gap (mobility gap) Eg was also carried out. Analysis of these dependences allowed us to trace dynamics of thermally stimulated disproportionation of the suboxide film and the features of the formation of nanocomposites consisting of amorphous and/or crystalline silicon nanoparticles in an oxide matrix.

The physical-mechanical characteristics of leather are crucial in the tanning industry since they determine whether the leather satisfies quality standards for various product manufacture. This study's goal was to assess the physical-mechanical characteristics of leather that could be washed and used for garments after the Zetestan-GF polymer was added during the tanning process. The data gathered from the physical-mechanical analysis of two treatments—one a control with white leather (T1) and the other with leather treated with Zetestan-GF polymer (T2)—were compared for the development of this work. Each treatment was performed in triplicate, undergoing three washes, yielding a total of 24 samples for analysis. Following the acquisition of the leather, a control was applied and the various treatments were compared. SAS software version 9.0 was utilized for the data's statistical analysis. The physical-mechanical properties of the control leather and the leather treated with Zetestan-GF polymer were compared using a one-way ANOVA, and any differences in the means (p < 0.05) were assessed using the Tukey test. The findings showed that while the polymer's application during the tanning process affects the parameters of softness, tensile strength, elongation percentage, and dry and wet flexometry, it has no effect on the lastometry parameter. In conclusion, the physical-mechanical characteristics of the product made by tanning cow hides can be greatly impacted by the inclusion of a polymer.

One crucial metric for estimating a reservoirs and dam’s lifespan is sedimentation. It is dependent upon sediment output, which in turn is dependent upon soil erosion. The study area, the Aguat Wuha Dam, was located in Simada woreda, of northwestern parts of Ethiopia. And the study's goal was to use Arc GIS and RUSLE adjusted to Ethiopian conditions to assess potential soil erosion and sediment output from the watershed and identify hotspot locations for appropriate planning for erosion and sedimentation problem management techniques to make the outputs of the dam project more productive and effective for the proposed and suggested purpose of the dam. To predict the geographical patterns of soil erosion in the watershed, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was combined with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). A soil erosion map was produced using ArcGIS by utilizing all of the model's parameters, including Erosivity, erodibility, steepness, land use, land cover, and supportive practice factors. The watershed's yearly soil loss varies from 0 to 413.86 tons/ha. In order to determine the erosion hotspot area, the average annual soil loss value was discovered to be 9.24 tons/ha/year and was categorized into six erosion severity classes: low, moderate, high, very high, severe, and very severe. These findings indicated that 162.57 ha and 699.17 ha of the watershed were considered to be extremely and severely vulnerable to soil erosion, respectively. It was discovered that the anticipated sediment yield supplied to the outlet varied from 0 to 104.94 tons/ha/year. By standing from the implications of the assessments of the geological, geotechnical, topographical, and socioenvironmental considerations Watershed management is the most effective way to reduce the amount of sediment produced and the amount that enters the reservoir among the several reservoir sedimentation control options that are available.

Fungi can be used to remove or degrade polluting compounds through a mycoremediation process. Sometimes even more efficiently than prokaryotes, they can therefore be used to combat pollution from non-biodegradable polymers. Cellulose acetate is a commonly used material in the manufacture of cigarette butts, so when discarded, it generates pollution. The fungus Pleurotus ostreatus has the ability to degrade cellulose acetate through the enzymes it secretes. The enzyme hydrolyzes the acetyl group of cellulose acetate, while cellulolytic enzymes degrade the cellulose backbone into sugars, polysaccharides, or cellobiose. In addition to cellulose acetate, this fungus is capable of degrading other conventionally non-biodegradable polymers, so it has the potential to be used to reduce pollution. Large-scale cultivation of the fungus has proven to be more economically viable than conventional methods for treating non-biodegradable polymers, which is an additional advantage.

The article's proposed engineering uses are based on theories presented in the reviewed research articles and on findings from online investigations into companies that claim to use nanoengineering in their wares. Several pre-existing online consumer inventories and nanotechnology news were examined as part of the internet inquiry. The data about the nanoparticles (NP), or nanostructure, used in commercially available products comes from the remarks made by the manufacturer. Nanoengineered coating agents and textile additives are examples of commercial items developed for industrial clients that fall under the aforementioned uses.