Based on the research on 31 provincial-level administrative regions at the end of 2022, we used the geographic concentration index, geographic imbalance index, SPSS and ARCGIS spatial analysis techniques to study the spatial distribution, distribution factor correlation, and accessibility of national 5A-level scenic spots. The research results show that the overall distribution of my country's 5A-level scenic spots is unbalanced, with a low degree of concentration, showing a pattern of denseness in the east and sparseness in the west, with large inter-provincial differences. The density of traffic highways is positively correlated with the distribution density of 5A-level scenic spots. The traffic lines in the central and eastern regions are dense, and there are a large number of 5A-level scenic spots, especially the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. Therefore, the spatial distribution of China's 5A-level tourist attractions is mainly affected by the interaction of economic, transportation and social factors, among which GDP, transportation network and attraction of scenic spots are the most critical factors. These research results can provide a reference for optimizing the spatial layout of China's scenic resources and promoting regional socio-economic development.

In the past, Sabah has often been reported as Malaysia’s poorest state, with the recorded highest incidence of absolute poverty among all the other states. The consumption patterns of households in Sabah have been significantly impacted by such circumstances. This further draws light on the adverse impact on the broader economy, as low levels of spending may restrict demand for products and services, stifling economic growth. The understanding of households’ consumption functions based on the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) will advance knowledge in identifying the key factors that influence the households’ spending decisions. Pointing out the scant number of past studies done within this very context, and focusing on the Sabah state in particular, further motivated this study, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can estimate and examine the households’ consumption functions in Sabah. As such, the methodology of drawing upon narrative reviews from research in the past will be used in this paper to develop the conceptual framework. The result of this study built upon the framework developed will help in identifying the factors that explain the households’ consumption patterns, in particular, whether the function estimated will be consistent with the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH). It is hoped that the conceptual framework built will aid in providing valuable empirical insight for policymakers in designing effective policies that can uplift households that are living in poverty.

The rise of digital communication technologies has significantly changed how people participate in social protests. Digital platforms—such as social media—have enabled individuals to organize and mobilize protests on a global scale. As a result, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of digital communication in social protests. This manuscript provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the evolution of research on digital communication and social protests from 2008 to 2022. The study employs bibliometric methodology to analyze a sample of 260 research articles extracted from the SCOPUS core collection. The findings indicate a significant increase in scholarly investigations about digital communication and its role in social protest movements during the past decade. The number of publications on this topic has increased significantly since 2012—peaking in 2022—indicating a heightened interest following COVID-19. The United States, United Kingdom, and Spain are the leading countries in publication output on this topic. The analysis underlines scholars employing a range of theoretical perspectives—including social movement theory, network theory, and media studies—to identify the relationship between digital communication and social protests. Social media platforms—X (Twitter), Facebook, and YouTube—are the most frequently studied and utilized digital communication tools engaged in social protests. The study concludes by identifying emerging topics relating to social movements, political communication, and protest, thereby suggesting gaps and opportunities for future research.

The MENA region, known for its significant oil and gas production, has been widely acknowledged for its reliance on fossil fuels. The dependence on fossil fuels has led to significant environmental pollution. Therefore, the shift towards a more environmentally friendly and enduring future is crucial. Thus, the current study tries to investigate the effect of green technology innovations on green growth in MENA region. Specifically, we examine whether the effect of green technology innovations on green growth depend on the threshold level of income. To this end, a panel threshold model is estimated for a sample of 10 MENA countries over the period 1998–2022. Our main findings show that only countries with income level beyond the threshold can benefit significantly from green technology innovations in term of green growth. Nevertheless, our findings indicate a substantial and adverse impact of green technology innovation on countries where income levels fall below the specified threshold.

This study’s primary objective is to determine the financial repercussions, including expenses, profits, and losses, that certain stakeholders in the Tuong-mango value chain face at various distribution stages. This was achieved through the utilisation of stakeholders cost-benefit value chain analysis. These individuals collectively contributed 849 sample observations to the dataset including 732 farmers, 10 cooperative, 32 collectors, 25 wholesalers, 30 retailers, 12 exporters and processors, and 08 grocery stores/fruit. The robust financial performance of the Tuong-mango value chain is attributable to its integrated economic efficiency, as evidenced by its over USD 1 billion in revenue and USD 98.2 million in net income. The marketing channels, specifically channels 1, 2, and 3, generate a total of USD 906.1 million in revenue, yielding a net profit of USD 81.9 million. The combined sales from domestic marketing channels 4 and 5 total USD 160 million, yielding a net profit of USD 16.2 million. The findings indicate that due to their limited scope and suboptimal grade 1, farmers are the most vulnerable link in the supply chain. This study proposes three strategies for augmenting quality, fostering technological advancement, and facilitating the spread of benefits. This study’s findings contribute to the existing literature on value chain analysis as it pertains to various tropical fruits and vegetables. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the utility of the value chain method in policy formulation.

The role of technology in stimulating economic growth needs to be reexamined considering current heightened economic conditions of Asian developing Economies. This study conducts a comparative analysis of technology proxied by R&D expenditures alongside macroeconomic variables crucial for economic growth. Monthly time-series data from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed using a vector error correction model (VECM), revealing a significant impact of technology on the economic growth of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines. However, in the cases of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Bangladesh, macroeconomic indicators were found more crucial to their economic growth. Results of Granger causality underlined the relationship of R&D expenditures and macroeconomic variables with GDP growth rates. Sensitivity analyses endorsed robustness of the results which highlighted the significance and originality of this study in economic growth aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs) for developing countries.