Surrogacy has opened new doors for many people who need children but are infertile or unable to have children. Through modern scientific technology, couples or mothers can find women to ask them to be surrogates using their eggs or sperm. The nature of surrogacy is reproductive support, but the complexity of the surrogacy procedure causes a lot of controversy not only in the field of criminal law but also regarding its implementation in practice. The article uses qualitative analysis to study current commercial surrogacy formulas. The main goal of this study is to clarify the legal aspects of commercial surrogacy in the world and in Vietnam. The article also concludes that Vietnam and other countries need to agree or develop common principles to avoid cross-border surrogacy as well as establish legal tools to prevent surrogacy for sexual purposes trade to protect human rights and prevent child trafficking.

The promulgation of the Curriculum Standards for ordinary high School (2017 edition, 2020 revision) has effectively promoted the reform of high school mathematics classroom. In order to cope with the change of textbook content in the new curriculum reform, it has become one of the important tasks for high school mathematics teachers to implement teaching activities better and sort out and analyze the differences between the old and new textbooks. This paper analyzes the differences between old and new textbooks from the three dimensions of system structure, course content and example exercises, and gives some reasonable teaching suggestions. Among them, the new textbook uses 2019 "Ordinary High School Textbook" person-taught A version of Compulsory Mathematics 1, and the old textbook uses 2004 "Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standard Experimental Textbook" person-taught A version of compulsory Mathematics 4. In general, the adjustment of the new teaching materials is more in line with the cognitive characteristics of students, pay attention to the penetration of mathematical culture and pay attention to the development of students' mathematical core literacy.

In recent years, China has been emphasizing the importance of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". Through such policies, more outstanding "great country craftsmen" should be cultivated, providing strong support for the overall industrial upgrading of our country. In order to achieve this grand national strategic goal, each university needs to conduct targeted exploration of the integration of innovation, entrepreneurship, and craftsmanship spirit based on its own actual situation. This article will explore the integrated cultivation mode of entrepreneurship and innovation+craftsmanship spirit from multiple aspects such as national policy guidance, student training plans, and training channels, based on the specific situation of the current development of entrepreneurship and innovation, combined with the research results of our school. In the process of entrepreneurship and innovation education, we will cultivate students' craftsmanship spirit and provide sufficient assistance for social development.

The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between changing weather conditions and tourism demand in Thailand across five selected provinces: Chonburi (Pattaya), Surat Thani, Phuket, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok. The annual data used in this study from 2012 to 2022. The estimation method is threshold regression (TR). The results indicate that weather conditions proxied by the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) significantly affect tourism demand in these five provinces. Specifically, changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in temperature, generally result in a decrease in tourism demand. However, the impact of weather conditions varies according to each province’s unique characteristics or highlights. For example, tourism demand in Bangkok is not significantly affected by weather conditions. In contrast, provinces that rely heavily on maritime tourism, such as Chonburi (Pattaya), Phuket, and Surat Thani, are notably affected by weather conditions. When the THI in each province rises beyond a certain threshold, the demand for tourism in these provinces by foreign tourists decreases significantly. Furthermore, economic factors, particularly tourists’ income, significantly impact tourism demand. An increase in the income of foreign tourists is associated with a decrease in tourism in Pattaya. This trend possibly occurs because higher-income tourists tend to upgrade their travel destinations from Pattaya to more upscale locations such as Phuket or Surat Thani. For Thai tourists, an increase in income leads to a decrease in domestic tourism, as higher incomes enable more frequent international travel, thereby reducing tourism in the five provinces. Additionally, the study found that the availability and convenience of accommodation and food services are critical factors influencing tourism demand in all the provinces studied.

As a result of China's evolving higher education landscape, private universities have emerged as significant players, fostering democratization and fulfilling key roles. However, these institutions face distinct challenges shaped by legal, societal, and internal factors. In the knowledge-driven economy, employee satisfaction is crucial for success. Understanding pivotal factors and conducting satisfaction surveys are essential for effective management and talent retention. This study focuses on Chengdu's private university educators, analyzing how factors like belongingness, self-actualization, and rewards influence job satisfaction. Through surveys, data analysis, and literature review, this study refines its findings and uncovers underlying causes. The study offers actionable insights for educators and institutions, aimed at enhancing job satisfaction.