This research delves into the intricate dynamics of ethical leadership within the context of Vietnamese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). By scrutinizing its impact on organizational effectiveness, the study unveils a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness between ethical leadership, knowledge sharing, and organizational learning. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research investigates the mediating roles played by knowledge sharing and organizational learning in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational effectiveness. Through empirical analysis and case studies, this study contributes valuable insights to the literature, offering practical implications for fostering ethical leadership practices in Vietnamese SMEs to enhance overall organizational effectiveness. The findings shed light on the nuanced mechanisms through which ethical leadership contributes to sustainable success, emphasizing the pivotal roles of knowledge sharing and organizational learning in this intricate relationship.

Water physico-chemical parameters, such as pH and salinity, play an important role in the larval development of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue fever. although the role of these two factors is known, the interaction between pH and salinity in various aquatic habitats is still not fully understood, especially in the context of endemic areas. this study explored how the interaction between pH and salinity affects the development of Aedes aegypti larvae in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) endemic areas. this study used a pure experimental design with a posttest-only control group approach. Aedes aegypti instar iv larvae were obtained from eggs collected in north kolaka regency, a dhf endemic area. the independent variables tested were pH (6 and 8) and salinity (0.4 gr/L and 0.6 gr/L), with the control group using pH 7 and no salinity. a two-way anova test was used to evaluate the interaction between pH and salinity, followed by tukey’s hsd post-hoc test to compare treatment groups. the results showed that, independently, pH and salinity had no significant effect on larval survival. however, the interaction between the two variables had a significant effect (p < 0.001). the combination of pH 8 and salinity 0.4 gr/L resulted in the highest survival rate, while pH 6 and salinity 0.6 gr/L caused a significant decrease in larval survival. the combination of alkaline pH (pH 8) and low salinity (0.4 gr/L) is the optimal condition for Aedes aegypti larval survival. the results of this study highlight the importance of considering the interaction between pH and salinity in environmental-based vector control strategies in endemic areas. further research is needed to explore other factors, such as aquatic microbiota and environmental variations, that may affect mosquito larval development.

This study investigates the relationships among entrepreneurship, technical competency, and business performance, focusing on CEOs in the beauty service industry in the Busan area. A total of 215 survey responses were collected, with 213 valid responses selected for final analysis after excluding 2 unsuitable responses. The key findings of the study are as follows: First, entrepreneurship was found to partially influence technical competency. Second, technical competency was found to influence business performance. Third, entrepreneurship was found to partially influence business performance. Fourth, technical competency was found to partially mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship and business performance. Based on these results, the study systematically analyzes and explains the causal relationships among the entrepreneurship of CEOs in the beauty service industry, their technical competency, and business performance. It also seeks to provide useful reference materials for strengthening the innovation and competitiveness of CEOs in the beauty service industry and establishing a theoretical foundation for future research in related fields.

There is insufficient consideration of Generation Z’s cultural and generational needs in the implementation of biometric attendance systems in Arabic educational settings. This study delves into Generation Z’s discipline, exploring their perspectives on attendance systems and aligning commitment with their interests. The primary aim is to gauge biometric systems’ impact on productivity. Google Form questionnaires collected data from young employees, ages 25 to 35, who belong to Generation Z’s working in the higher education system. Structural equation modeling and descriptive analysis assessed the data. While biometric systems enhance discipline, they may dampen morale. Implementing systems fairly and maintaining flexibility is vital. The study underscores the importance of evaluating employees based on achievements. It sheds light on biometric systems’ role in attendance management and organizational performance, aiding HR practices. The results showed no significant effect of Employee Management Practices (EMP) on organization performance through Biometric Attendance Technology (BAT) (B = 0.049, t = 1.330, p = 0.184). Nor significant effects of Organizational Performance Metrics (OPM) (B = 0.019, t = 0.608, p = 0.543). Technological Infrastructure (TI) (B = 0.019, t = 0.2461, p = 0.645), or Satisfaction and Engagement (ESE) (B = 0.057, t = 1.381, p = 0.167) on organization performance through Biometric Attendance Technology. The mediator impact was also found to be not significant (P > 0.05). Therefore, both direct and specific indirect effects were not significant. Indicating that Biometric Attendance Technology does not mediate the relationship between these variables and organizational performance.