Nelson TR, Downey DB, Pretorius DH, et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
Kremkau FW. Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles and instruments. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1993.
Geiser EA, Oliver LH. Echocardiography physics and intrumentation. In: Collins S, Skorton D (editors). Cardiac imaging and image processing. New York: McGraw Hill; 1980. p. 24–38.
Crawford D, Bell D, Bamber J. Compensation for the signal processing characteristic of ultra- sound b-mode scanners in adaptive speckle reduction. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 1993; 19(6): 469–485.
Nelson T, Pretorius D. 3D ultrasound image quality improvement using spatial compounding and 3D filtering. Medical Physics 1994; 21(6): 998–999.
Kotropoulos C, Magnisalis X, Pitas I, et al. Nonlinear ultrasonic image processing based on signal-adaptive filters and self-organizing neural networks. IEEE Transactionson Image Processing 1994; 3(1): 65–77.
Gronningsaeter A, Angelsen BAJ, Gresli A, et al. Blood noise reduction in intravascular ultrasound imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 1995; 42(2): 200–209.
Fortes JMP. A closed loop ML algorithm for phase aberration correction in phased array imaging systems. I: Algorithm synthesis and experimental results [Ultrasound medical imaging]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 1997; 44(2): 259–270.
Achim A, Bezerianos A, Tsakalides P. Novel bayesian multiscale method for speckle removal in medical ultrasound images. IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging 2001; 20(8): 772–783.
Hajnal JV, Hill DLG, Hawkes DJ. Medical image registration. New York: CRC Press LLC; 2001.
Zhang X, McKay CR, Sonka M. Tissue characterization in intravascular ultrasound imaging. IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging 1998; 17(6): 889–899.
Canals R, Lamarque G, Chatain P. Volumetric ultrasound system for left ventricle motion imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 1999; 46(6): 1527–1538.
Light ED, Idriss SF, Wolf PD, et al. Real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2002; 27(9): 1177–1183.
Xiao G, Brady JM, Noble JA, et al. Nonrigid registration of 3D free-hand ultrasound images of the breast. IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging 2002; 21(4): 405–412.
Deng J, Sullivan ID, Yates R, et al. Real-time three-dimensional fetal echocardiography—Optimal imaging windows. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2002; 28(9): 1099–1105.
Volkmer BG, Nesslauer T, Kuefer R, et al. Visualization of urinary stones by 3D ultrasound with surface rendering. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2002; 28(2): 143–147.
Pretorius DH, Nelson TR. Three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995; 5: 219–221.
Fenster A, Downey DB. 3D ultrasound imaging: A review. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 1996; 15(6): 41–51.
Raab FH, Blood EB, Steiner TO, et al. Magnetic position and orientation tracking system. IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 1979; 15(15): 709–717.
Birkfellner W, Watzinger F, Wanschitz F, et al. Systematic distortions in magnetic position digitizers. Medical Physics 1998; 25(11): 2242–2248.
Moritz WE, Pearlman AS, McCabe DH, et al. An ultrasonic technique for imaging the ventricle in three dimensions and calculating its volume. IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering 1983; 30(8): 482–492.
Sato Y, Nakamoto M, Tamaki Y, et al. Image guidance of breast cancer surgery using 3D ultra-sound images and augmented reality visualization. IEEE Transaction on Medical Imaging 1998; 17(5): 681–693.
Martin RW, Bashein G, Detmer PR, et al. Ventricular volume measurement from a multiplanar transplanar transesophageal ultrasonic imaging systems: An in vitro study. IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering 1990; 37(5): 442–449.
Smith SW, Pavy HE, von Ramm OT. High speed ultrasound volumetric imaging system part I: Transducer design and beam steering. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 1991; 38(2): 100–108.
Light ED, Davidsen RE, Fiering JO, et al. Progress in two dimensional arrays for real time volumetric imaging. Ultrasonic Imaging 1998; 20(1): 1–18.
Klingensmith JD, Shekhar R, Vince DG. Evaluation of three-dimensional segmentation algorithms for the identification of luminal and medial-adventiti- al borders in intravascular ultrasound images. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2000; 19(10): 996–1011.
Woods R. Handbook of medical image processing and analysis. San Diego: Academic Press; 2000.
Prager RW, Rohling RN, Gee AH, et al. Rapid calibration for 3-D freehand ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 1998; 24(6): 855–869.
Rohling R, Gee A, Berman L. A comparison of freehand three-dimensional ultrasound reconstruction techniques. Medical Image Analysis 1999; 3(4): 339–359.
Aiger D, Cohen-Or D. Mosaicing ultrasonic volumes for visual simulation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 2000; 20(2): 53–61.
Krücker JF, Meyer CR, LeCarpentier GL, et al. 3D spatial compounding of ultrasound images using image-based nonrigid registration. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2000; 26(9): 1475–1488.
Tong S, Cardinal HN, McLoughlin RF, et al. Intra- and inter-observer variability and reliability of prostate volume measurement via two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 1998; 24(5): 673–681.
Cardinal HN, Gill JD, Fenster A. Analysis of geometrical distortion and statistical variance in length, area, and volume in a linearly scanned 3-D ultrasound image. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2000; 19(6): 632–651.
Dias JMB, Leitao JMN. Wall position and thickness estimation from sequences of echocardiographic images. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1996; 15(1): 25–38.
Xiao G, Brady M, Noble JA, et al. Segmentation of ultrasound b-mode images with intensity inhomogeneity correction. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2002; 21(1): 48–57.
Setarehdan GK, Soraghan JJ. Automatic cardiac LV boundary detection and tracking using hybrid fuzzy temporal and fuzzy multiscale edge detection. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 1999; 46(11): 1364–1378.
Coppini G, Poli R, Valli G. Recovery of the 3D shape of the left ventricle from echocardiographic images. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 1996; 14(2): 301–317.
Detmer PR, Bashein G, Martin RW. Matched filter identification of left-ventricular endocardial borders in transesophageal echocardiograms. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1990; 9(4): 396–404.
Chalana V, Linker DT, Haynor DR, et al. A multiple active contour model for cardiac boundary detection on echocardiographic sequence. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1996; 15(6): 290–298.
Mikic I, Krucinski S, Thomas JD. Segmentation and tracking in echocardiographic sequences: Active contours guided by optical flow estimates. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1998; 17(2): 274–284.
Malassiotis S, Strintzis MG. Tracking the left ventricle in echocardio-graphic images by learning heart dynamics. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1999; 18(3): 282–290.
Jacob G, Noble JA, Behrenbruch C, et al. A shape- space-based approach to tracking myocardial borders and quantifying regional left-ventricular function applied in echocardiography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2000; 21(3): 226–238.
Goldstein A. Errors in ultrasound digital image distance measurements. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 2000; 26(7): 1125–1132.
Stytz MR, Frieder G, Frieder O. Three-dimensional medical imaging: Algorithms and computer systems. ACM Computing Surveys 1991; 23(4): 421–499.
Nelson TR, Elvins TT. Visualization of 3D ultrasound data. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 1993; 13(6): 50–57.
Hauser H, Mroz L, Bischi GI, et al. Two-level volume rendering. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2001; 7(3): 242–252.
Gill JD, Ladak HM, Steinman DA, et al. Accuracy and variability assessment of a semiautomatic technique for segmentation of the carotid arteries from three-dimensional ultrasound images. Medical Physics 2000; 27(6): 1333–1342.
Bardinet E, Cohen L, Ayache N. Tracking and motion analysis of the left ventricle with deformable superquadrics. Medical Image Analysis 1996; 1(2): 129–149.
Angelini ED, Laine AF, Takuma S, et al. LV volume quantification via spatiotemporal analysis of real- time 3D echocardiography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2001; 20(2): 457–469.
Tang H, Zhuang T, Wu E. Realizations of fast 2D/3D image filtering and enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2001; 20(2): 132–140.
Wahle A, Prause GPM, DeJong SC, et al. Geometrically correct 3D reconstruction of intravascular ultrasound images by fusion with biplane angiography: Methods and validation. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1999; 18(8): 686–699.
Hossack JA, Sumanaweera TS, Napel S, et al. Quantitative 3D diagnostic ultrasound imaging using a modified transducer array and an automated image tracking technique. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 2002; 38(2): 1029–1038.
Abolmaesumi P, Salcudean SE, Zhu W, et al. Image-guided control of a robot for medical ultrasound. IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation 2002; 18(1): 11–23.
Gérard O, Billon AC, Rouet JM, et al. Efficient model-based quantification of left ventricular function in 3D echocardiography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2002; 21(7): 1059–1068.