Measuring the resilience of rural tourism in Indonesia using the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index

Nafiah Ariyani ,Akhmad Fauzi

doi:10.24294/jipd.v8i4.3467

Home - JIPD - Volume 8 - Issue 4

Submit to JIPD

Journal Browser

Volume | Year

Issue

• Current lssue

View All

News and Announcements

View All

Measuring the resilience of rural tourism in Indonesia using the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index

Nafiah Ariyani

Akhmad Fauzi

Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development 2024, 8(4), 3467; https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i4.3467

Submitted：28 Nov 2023

Accepted：10 Jan 2024

Published：03 Apr 2024

Download PDF(922.45KB)

XML

Abstract

Rural tourism plays a crucial role in rural development in Indonesia by providing employment opportunities, livelihood, infrastructure, cultural preservation, and environmental preservation. However, it is prone to external shocks such as natural disasters, public health events, and volatility in the national and global economy. This study measures the resilience of rural tourism to external shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 24 rural tourism destinations in Indonesia covering four years from 2019 to 2022. A synthetic composite index of the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto index (AMPI) is used to measure rural tourism resilience followed by clustering analysis to determine the typology of the resilience. The AMPI measure is also compared with the conventional Mazziotta-Pareto index (MPI) method. The resilience index is composed of capacity and performance components related to resilience. The results show that in the first year of COVID-19, most tourism villages in Indonesia were severely affected by the pandemic, yet they were able to recover afterward, as indicated by positive differences in the AMPI index before and after COVID-19. Thus, rural tourism villages in Indonesia have a strong capacity and performance to recover from pandemic shock. Lessons learned from this analysis can be applied to policies related to rural tourism resilience in developing countries.

Keywords

References

Abdullah, M. F., Noor, M. I. M., Ahmad, B. E., et al. (2023). Managing the impact of COVID-19 crisis on tourism sector in protected area: A case study in Pahang National Park. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1217(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1217/1/012024

Ahmad, E. (2021). Multilevel financing of sustainable infrastructure in China—policy options for inclusive, resilient and green growth. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 5(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1251

Aithal, R., Anil, R. K., & Angmo, D. (2023). Rural tourism in India: case studies of resilience during crisis. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 15(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-08-2022-0104

Annarelli, A., & Nonino, F. (2016). Strategic and operational management of organizational resilience: Current state of research and future directions. Omega (United Kingdom), 62, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.08.004

Ariyani, N., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Pathways toward the Transformation of Sustainable Rural Tourism Management in Central Java, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(3), 2592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ su15032592

Ariyani, N., Fauzi, A., & Umar, F. (2022). Predicting determinant factors and development strategy for tourist villages. Decision Science Letters, 12, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.5267/dsl.2022.9.003

Baggio, R. (2008). Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system. Tourism Analysis. 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208784548797

Basurto-Cedeño, E. M., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2018). An applied destination resilience model. Tourism Review International, 22(3), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427218X15369305779092

Bayrak, M. M. (2022). Does Indigenous tourism contribute to Indigenous resilience to disasters? A case study on Taiwan’s highlands. Progress in Disaster Science, 14, 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100220

Benítez-Aurioles, B. (2020). Tourism Resilience Patterns in Southern Europe. Tourism Analysis, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X16010020096118

Biggs, D., Hall, C. M., & Stoeckl, N. (2012). The resilience of formal and informal tourism enterprises to disasters: Reef tourism in Phuket, Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(5), 645–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.630080

Brown, N. A., Orchiston, C., Rovins, J. E., et al. (2018). An integrative framework for investigating disaster resilience within the hotel sector. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.07.004

Chan, C. T., & Chen, H. W. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry in Taiwan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084864

Collier, D., LaPorte, J., & Seawright, J. (2012). Putting typologies to work: Concept formation, measurement, and analytic rigor. Political Research Quarterly, 65(1), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912912437162

Cox, A. (2016). Tourism Resilience Index: A Business self-assessment. Available online: hhttps://www.wellsreserve.org/writable/files/archive/ctp/tourism_resilience_index_wellsreserve_copy1.pdfdex.pdf (accessed on 20 May 2023).

Damanik, J., Utami, S., & Mayani, M. (2022). The Dramatic Fall of Tourism Villages Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Reflection on an Indonesia’s Primary Tourism Destination. In: Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on Tourism (INTACT) “Post Pandemic Tourism: Trends and Future Directions” (INTACT 2022) (Vol. 2). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-73-2

de Muro, P., Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2011). Composite Indices of Development and Poverty: An Application to MDGs. Social Indicators Research, 104(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9727-z

Dimitrovski, D. D., Todorović, A. T., & Valjarević, A. D. (2012). Rural Tourism and Regional Development: Case Study of Development of Rural Tourism in the Region of Gruţa, Serbia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 14, 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.03.028

Dogru, T., Marchio, E. A., Bulut, U., & Suess, C. (2019). Climate change: Vulnerability and resilience of tourism and the entire economy. Tourism Management, 72, 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.010

Duro, J. A., Perez-Laborda, A., & Fernandez, M. (2022). Territorial tourism resilience in the COVID-19 summer. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3(1), 100039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2022.100039

El Archi, Y., Benbba, B., Nizamatdinova, Z., et al. (2023). Systematic Literature Review Analysing Smart Tourism Destinations in Context of Sustainable Development: Current Applications and Future Directions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065086

Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing Resilient, Sustainable Systems. Environmental Science and Technology, 37(23), 5330–5339. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0344819

Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., et al. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03610-150420

Fountain, J., Cradock-Henry, N., Buelow, F., & Rennie, H. (2020). Agrifood Tourism, Rural Resilience, and Recovery in a Postdisaster Context: Insights and Evidence from Kaikōura-hurunui, New Zealand. Tourism Analysis, 26(2), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221x16079839951420

Freudenberg, M. (2003). Composite indicators of country performance: a critical assessment. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 16, 35. https://doi.org/10.1787/405566708255

Gallego, I., & Font, X. (2019). Measuring the vulnerability of tourist destinations to the availability of air transport, using multi-criteria composite indexes. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 14, 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100382

Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708

Halim, H. S. (2022). Exploring Information Technology in Smart Tourism in Indonesia. Springer Link. Available online: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-16-2210-6_22 (accessed on 20 January 2023)

Heslinga, J., Groote, P., & Vanclay, F. (2020). Towards resilient regions: Policy recommendations for stimulating synergy between tourism and landscape. Land, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/land9020044

Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and Stability of Ecological and Social Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54560-4

Hosseini, S., Barker, K., & Ramirez-Marquez, J. E. (2016). A review of definitions and measures of system resilience. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 145, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.08.006

Hu, H., Qiao, X., Yang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021). Developing a resilience evaluation index for cultural heritage site: case study of Jiangwan Town in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2020.1805476

Ibanescu, B. C., Eva, M., & Gheorghiu, A. (2020). Questioning the role of tourism as an engine for resilience: The role of accessibility and economic performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145527

Ibanescu, B. C., Eva, M., Gheorghiu, A., & Iatu, C. (2022). Tourism-Induced Resilience of Rural Destinations in Relation to Spatial Accessibility. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-022-09439-1

Ivona, A., Rinella, A., Rinella, F., et al. (2021). Resilient rural areas and tourism development paths: A comparison of case studies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063022

Jamini, D., & Dehghani, A. (2022). Evaluation and Analysis of Rural Tourism and Identificatiob of Key Drivers Affectig it in the Face of the Covid Pandemic in Iran. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 11(4), 100–114.

Jamshidi, A., Davood, J., Bahmani, O., et al. (2022). A Measurement Model for Factors Affecting Rural Tourism Resilience Using the Structural Equation Modeling Method (Case Study: Shamshir Tourist village in the West of Iran). Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, 6(2), 237–248.

Keating, A., Hochrainer, S., Mechler, R., et al. (2020). Reflections on the Large-Scale Application of a Community Resilience Measurement Framework Across the Globe, 09(5), 7352–7363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4623063

Kharas, H. (2021). Global development cooperation in a covid-19 world. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 5(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1245

Kwok, A. H., Doyle, E. E. H., Becker, J., et al. (2016). What is ‘social resilience’? Perspectives of disaster researchers, emergency management practitioners, and policymakers in New Zealand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 19, 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.08.013

Lazar, D., & Litan, C. M. (2022). Regional well-being in Romania: assessment after a decade of EU accession. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(7), 1009–1028. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2021-0480

Lew, A. A., Ng, P. T., Ni, C., et al. (2016). Community sustainability and resilience: similarities, differences and indicators. Tourism Geographies, 18(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1122664

Lv, L., Hu, J., Xu, X., & Tian, X. (2021). The evolution of rural tourism in Wuhan: Complexity and adaptability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413534

Markey, S., Halseth, G., & Manson, D. (2008). Challenging the inevitability of rural decline: Advancing the policy of place in northern British Columbia. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(4), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.03.012

Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2013). Methods for constructing composite indices: one for all or all for one? Rivista Italiana Di Economia, Demografia e Statistica, 67(2), 67–80.

Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2016). On a Generalized Non-compensatory Composite Index for Measuring Socio-economic Phenomena. Social Indicators Research, 127(3), 983–1003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0998-2

Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2017a). Measuring Well-Being Over Time: The Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto Index Versus Other Non-compensatory Indices. Social Indicators Research, 136(3), 967–976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1577-5

Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2017b). Synthesis of Indicators: The Composite Indicators Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60595-1_7

Mazziotta, M., & Pareto, A. (2104). Non-compensatory Aggregation of Social Indicators: An Icon Representation. In: Crescenzi, F., Mignani, S. (editors) Statistical Methods and Applications from a Historical Perspective. Studies in Theoretical and Applied Statistics. Springer, Cham. pp. 383–391. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05552-7_33

McCartney, G., Pinto, J., & Liu, M. (2021). City resilience and recovery from COVID-19: The case of Macao. Cities, 112(January), 103130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103130

Munanura, I. E., Sabuhoro, E., Hunt, C. A., & Ayorekire, J. (2021). Livelihoods and Tourism: Capital Assets, Household Resiliency, and Subjective Wellbeing. Tourism and Hospitality, 2(4), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp2040023

Neumeier, S., & Pollermann, K. (2014). Rural Tourism as Promoter of Rural Development—Prospects and Limitations: Case Study Findings from a Pilot Project Promoting Village Tourism. European Countryside, 6(4), 270–296. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0015

Nuryanti, W. (1993). Concept, Perspective and Challenges. Konferensi Internasional Mengenai Pariwisata Budaya.

OECD. (2008). Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators Methodology and User Guide. Available online: https://www.oecd.org/sdd/42495745.pdf (accessed on 10 May 2023).

OECD. (2014). Guidelines for Resilience Systems Analysis—How to analyse risk and build a roadmap to resilience. Available online: http://www.oecd.org/dac/Resilience Systems Analysis FINAL.pdf (accessed on 08 May 2023).

OECD. (2020). Tourism Policy Responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19). Available online: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=124_124984-7uf8nm95se&Title=Covid-19:Tourism Policy Responses (accessed on 29 April 2023).

Ohe, Y. (2022). Rural Tourism Under the New Normal: New Potentials from a Japanese Perspective. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 256(2022), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST220051

Panda, S., Chakraborty, M., & Misra, S. K. (2016). Assessment of social sustainable development in urban India by a composite index. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.08.001

Panzer-Krause, S. (2022). Rural Tourism in and after the COVID-19 Era: “Revenge Travel” or Chance for a Degrowth-Oriented Restart? Cases from Ireland and Germany. Tourism and Hospitality, 3(2), 399–415. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020026

Pocinho, M., Garcês, S., & de Jesus, S. N. (2022). Wellbeing and Resilience in Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review During COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748947

Proag, V. (2014). The Concept of Vulnerability and Resilience. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00952-6

Qin, F., & Chen, G. (2022). Vulnerability of Tourist Cities’ Economic Systems Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: System Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms—A Case Study of 46 Major Tourist Cities in China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052661

Rose, A. (2007). Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters: Multidisciplinary origins and contextual dimensions. Environmental Hazards, 7(4), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.10.001

Sari, N. M., Nugroho, I., Julitasari, E. N., & Hanafie, R. (2022). The Resilience of Rural Tourism and Adjustment Measures for Surviving The COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia. Forest and Society, 6(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.18054

Sasongko, I., Gai, A. M., & Immaduddina, A. (2022). The concept of rural tourism recovery pasca Covid-19, Kertosari Village, Purwosari Sub-district, Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. The 2nd International Conference on Government Education Management and Tourism (ICoGEMT) + TECH, 1–10.

Scaccabarozzi, A., Mazziotta, M., & Bianchi, A. (2022). Measuring Competitiveness: A Composite Indicator for Italian Municipalities. Social Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02990-x

Sharma, G. D., Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100786

Shi, Y., Zhang, J., Cui, X., & Zhang, G. (2022). Evaluating Sustainability of Tourism Projects in Rural Land Development Base on a Resilience Model. Land, 11(12). https://doi.org/http://10.3390/land11122245

Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., et al. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

Tang, Y. (2022). Discrete Dynamic Modeling Analysis of Rural Revitalization and Ecotourism Sustainable Prediction Based on Big Data. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9158905

Vărzaru, A. A., Bocean, C. G., & Cazacu, M. (2021). Rethinking tourism industry in pandemic covid-19 period. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(12), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126956

Vaughan, E., & Frankenberger, T. (2018). Resilience Measurement Practical Guidance Note Series 3: Resilience Capacity Measurement. Available online: https://www.fsnnetwork.org/REAL (accessed on 20 January 2023).

Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-00650-090205

World-Bank. (2020). Resilient Tourims Competitiveness in the Face of Disasters. Available online: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/328421604042124972/pdf/Resilient-Tourism-Competitiveness-in-the-Face-of-Disasters.pdf (accessed on 20 May 2023).

Yu, J., Zhang, J., Zhou, M., & Cai, W. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 on the Comprehensive Resilience of Rural Areas—A Case Study of Jilin Province of China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043152

Previous
article in this issue

Next
article in this issue