Organizational commitment (EOC) and employee loyalty are two critical constructs that contribute to organizational success. Understanding the intricate relationship between these factors is essential for organizations seeking to cultivate a loyal and committed workforce. This study delves into the mediating effect of EOC on employee loyalty, examining the mechanisms through which organizational culture fosters a loyal workforce. To investigate the mediating role of EOC, a sample of 300 employees from the Indonesian Port Corporation was surveyed. Path analysis, a statistical technique that assesses the strength and direction of relationships between multiple variables, was employed to test the study’s hypothesis. The findings revealed a strong association between organizational culture, EOC, and employee loyalty. Organizational culture dimensions, particularly teamwork, respect for individuals, stability, attention to detail, and outcome orientation, were positively related to EOC and employee loyalty. Furthermore, EOC was found to mediate the relationship between organizational culture and employee loyalty, indicating that EOC plays a crucial role in shaping employee loyalty within a supportive organizational culture context. These findings underscore the importance of fostering EOC to enhance employee loyalty and organizational success. Organizations seeking to cultivate a loyal workforce should create a supportive organizational culture that promotes teamwork, respect for individuals, stability, attention to detail, and outcome orientation. By nurturing these cultural traits, organizations can foster a strong sense of EOC among their employees, increasing employee loyalty, productivity, and organizational growth.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) goes beyond its function as a business to maximize profits for the shareholders to work for societal purposes. Meanwhile, the green credit policy in China is still in its infancy, and the impact of green loans on the efficiency of commercial banks is significantly different. In this context, this paper details the company’s performance in crucial aspects such as low-carbon operations, eco-friendly financial innovation, a sustainable economic system, data security and the development of organizational capabilities to provide a sustainable development paradigm for supply chain finance technology peers. Based on ESG portfolio, we found that adding ESG holdings to a company affects its compliance with delivery or environmental rules, and anode and cathode of ESG combined Dual Carbon (DC) are presented in terms of emission levels. Our further research indicates the implementation of Green Credit Guideline has a positive impact on ESG performance of both green and polluting firms in comparison with others. The result was fully supported by different methods and models including PSM-DID (Propensity Score Matching-Differences-in-Differences), QDID (Quantiles Differences-in-Differences), and Kernel approaches, which can provide more implications and references for policy makers. Investors, politicians, and other essential stakeholders perceive ESG as a strategy to protect enterprises from future risks.

Under the concept of green development, enterprises will face more environmental constraints. Whether government environmental regulation (ER) can effectively promote corporate environmental performance (CEP) has not yet been unified among scholars, and few studies have conducted bibliometric analysis on ER and CEP. Based on the above, this study has three purposes: first, to fill the research gap by analyzing and visualizing 72 articles on ER and CEP through Biblioshiny and VOSviewer; second, to help scholars easily understand the research development and quickly find promising research directions; and lastly, to enable the government and corporate managers gain a more comprehensive view of ER’s impacts on CEP, which can assist in policy making and business management. The research found that: (a) the number of articles and citations in the field is on the rise. China is the most academically influential country in terms of publications, citations, and collaborations. Journal of Cleaner Production is the top-ranked journal. Ramanathan R, Testa F, and Zhang Y are the top three authors. Environmental management, sustainability, and China are the most popular keywords. Collaboration between authors, institutions, and countries is relatively weak and isolated. (b) ER and CEP have three emerging clusters: Climate Change, FDI, as well as Environmental Awareness, and three core clusters: Environmental Management, Data Envelopment Analysis, and Economic Analysis. The evolution of themes shows a trend from decentralized to centralized and then back to decentralized. (c) Future research can take the Regulatory Framework, Green Technological Innovation, and Environmental Management System as breaking points.

As urbanisation increases, questions arise about the desirability of further urban growth, as it was not accompanied by corresponding economic growth, and social and environmental problems began to grow in the largest cities in the world. The objective of the article is to substantiate the limits of urbanization growth in Kazakhstan based on the study of theoretical views on this process, analysis of the dependence of social and economic parameters of 134 countries on the urbanisation level and calculation of the urbanisation level that contributes most to economic growth and social well-being. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been set and solved: theoretical views on the process of urbanization have been generalized; a hypothesis has been put forward about the emergence of an “urbanization trap” in which the growth of large cities is not accompanied by economic growth and improvement of social well-being; an analysis of the dependence of socio-economic indicators on the level of urbanization has been carried out on the example of 134 countries of the world; the level of urbanization that maximizes economic growth and social well-being is calculated; the necessity of the development of small towns in Kazakhstan is substantiated. To solve the problems, the methods of logical analysis, analogies and generalizations, economic statistics, index, graphical, Pearson correlation analysis, Spearman and Kendall rank regression based on models in SPSS were used. As a result, the following conclusions are made: the hypothesis of a possible deterioration of socio-economic indicators in large cities is confirmed; the best positive result is demonstrated by the level of urbanization of 50%–59%. The recommendations are justified: in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to adhere to the level of urbanization no higher than 59%; the growth of urbanization should be ensured through the development of small towns; it is necessary to improve the methods of managing the process of urbanization and develop individual city plans.

Recently, there has been a burgeoning fascination with the influence of urban green spaces (UGS) on physical activity (PA) and health. This interest has been accompanied by a mounting body of evidence that establishes a connection between UGS and residents’ PA levels. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the significance of UGS and have generally agreed on their connection with health. However, there is still considerable variation in viewpoints regarding the intermediate factors contributing to this association. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between different qualitative factors of UGS and PA. The study involved the collection of data from four parks located in Edinburgh. Four trained observers utilised the Environmental Assessment of Public Recreational Spaces (EARPS Mini) tool to code various environmental characteristics. Additionally, the Method for Observing Physical Activity and Wellbeing (MOHAWk) observation tool was employed to code instances of on-site incivility and the characteristics and behaviours of residents engaging in UGS activities. The results of this study show that the facilities and environment, area and socioeconomic status (SES) of UGS positively affect the type of PA and the level of PA, as well as influence residents’ attentiveness to the environment and their interactions with each other. Demographics such as gender and age group are also significantly related to the level and type of PA. Significant differences in the level and type of PA, and race only differed significantly in the choice of activity type. These results suggest that the quality of the UGS environment affects the level, type, and status of PA among residents and that resident characteristics also have an impact. Future research suggests increasing data collection related to PA frequency and PA duration and considering longitudinal observations over time for refinement.

The objective of this study is to examine the extent of awareness, intention, and behavior among university students in relation to green marketing. It is recognized that the present cohort of students, as well as future generations, will have a substantial impact on shaping the course of the world. The respondents for this study consisted of university students, and the collected data was subsequently analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 25 in order to test the stated hypothesis. University students exhibit a comprehensive understanding of green marketing and a conscious inclination toward embracing favorable intentions and behaviors in relation to this domain. The results of this study suggest that there exists a statistically significant and positive correlation between individuals’ level of green awareness and their intention to participate in environmentally friendly consumer practices. Furthermore, it has been observed that the intention of consumers to engage in green practices has a noteworthy influence on their subsequent behavior in terms of adopting environmentally friendly behaviors. The findings obtained from studies on green marketing are of utmost importance in offering valuable guidance and orientation toward a future characterized by heightened environmental awareness and sustainability. The novelty of this study is to provide a lucid comprehension of students’ perceptions about green marketing. Several factors can potentially impact the intention and behavior of environmentally conscious consumers, including personal values, social norms, and economic factors. Additional research is necessary in order to obtain a more thorough comprehension of the complexity of these variables, and how they interact to impact consumer behavior.