Purpose: This review mainly aims to identify the lean practice conducted in hospitals, determining what problems lean practice can be helpful to solve in the hospitals. Data sources: Four electronic databases (Scopus, Web of science, Medline, and PubMed) were conducted for searching related literature in this review. Study selection: These studies in the hospitals that related lean healthcare practice and contained outcome variables were included. Data extraction: Related information such as research design, countries, lean tools, outcome variables, results were extracted. Results of data synthesis: 20 eligible articles were identified in this review. There was 20% lean practice being conducted in emergency department of hospitals in this review. Six cases have implemented lean in Brazilian hospitals. There were 12 cases implemented lean practice through Value Stream Mapping. Conclusion: Lean practices were highly valued in Brazilian hospitals, and it was frequently implemented in hospital emergency department. Value Stream Mapping and process mapping were the most commonly used lean tool. Waiting time, lead time and Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) were the primary indicators reflecting improvements in this review.

This research quantitatively examines how technology-mediated formative assessment techniques affect student learning outcomes in middle school education. The research investigates the correlation between instructors’ technology use, attitudes, and student performance in several academic disciplines using surveys and evaluations conducted with teachers and students. Results show strong positive connections between how often technology is used, the specific digital tools used, how effective technology-mediated formative assessment is judged to be, and the results of student learning. On the other hand, obstacles to implementation were shown to have a negative relationship with student accomplishment. The research emphasizes that technology-mediated formative assessment is more successful in some subjects, emphasizing the necessity to customize teaching methods for each subject’s requirements. The study revealed a positive correlation between student learning outcomes and the frequency of technology use, the types of digital tools used, and the perceived effectiveness of technology-mediated formative assessment. These results suggest ways to improve the use of technology and formative assessment in middle school instruction.

The objective of the study was to analyze green marketing in the promotion of environmentally responsible and sustainable practices in the development of resilient infrastructure in Peru. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretative, the documentary design based on the systematic review of scientific literature. The PRISMA model was applied for the selection of units of analysis, resulting in 36 articles out of an initial total of 950. Content analysis was used to examine the documents, following a detailed procedure that included the use of Grounded Theory to categorize and analyze the data. The results highlighted the importance of integrating green marketing and sustainable practices into resilient infrastructure planning and development. Key strategies were identified that include promoting environmental responsibility, adopting sustainable technologies in construction, and implementing policies that foster urban resilience and sustainability. The findings highlight the adoption of a comprehensive approach that combines green marketing with resilient infrastructure planning and development to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development in Peru.

This article presents a comparative analysis and characteristics of the pension insurance systems of foreign countries, namely Germany, Sweden, Estonia, Poland, France with the aim of implementing their effective and noteworthy experience in Ukraine. The key indicators of the characteristics of the pension systems of these countries and Ukraine (amount of insurance contributions to the public pension fund; retirement age; insurance period; the ratio of the average pension to the average wage) have been studied and analyzed. Having examined these indicators, the authors came to the conclusion that the general trend in most countries of the world is that they guarantee only a minimum pension, which is caused by the increase in the share of pensioners in society. To solve the demographic problems affecting pension provision, the most countries increase the retirement age and provide financial incentives to stimulate citizens to work after the retirement age. To increase the pension, there are pension accumulation tools at the expense of the employer or at the expense of one’s own funds. Following the example of foreign countries, the directions for improving the pension insurance system of Ukraine were allocated.

The COVID-19 outbreak on international cruise ships during the early stages of the pandemic has exposed deficiencies in the governance of public health emergencies within the framework of existing international law. These deficiencies encompass various aspects, including the shortcomings of the system of flag state jurisdiction, the vague definition and reasonableness of governments’ “additional health measures” as stipulated in the International Health Regulations (IHR) of 2005, the role of World Health Organization (WHO) in the protection of the fundamental rights of passengers and crew members during epidemic outbreaks on cruise ships, the application of the free pratique rule under the international health law, and other challenges that have not been adequately addressed in current international law. In the post-COVID era, it is essential to revisit these core issues of international law and reassess the allocation of responsibilities among all evolving actors to foster effective multilateral cooperation in epidemic control. This paper adopts the “Diamond Princess” incident as a case study, examining how such public health emergencies pose challenges to international laws, particularly when they occur within the context of a cruise ship. The paper argues that cooperation on global health emergencies will continue to be a challenge until responsibility is more clearly allocated among stakeholders. Additionally, the paper formulates three principles for enhancing governmental cooperation, namely the fairness principle, the nationality principle, and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. It is advisable to carefully consider these key principles when reevaluating the international laws on public health emergencies in the post-COVID era.

Finance is the core of the modern economy and the bloodline of the real economy; adherence to the people-centered value orientation and the financial services of the real economy as the fundamental purpose is an important connotation of the road of economic development with Chinese characteristics. Financial work is distinctly political and people-oriented, and must consciously practice the concept of the people, serve agricultural and rural development and farmers to increase their income and contribute to the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. This study is based on the key factors affecting the multidimensional poverty of rural households—external rural financial resources availability and internal rural household entrepreneurship, rural household risk resilience, and rural household financial capability joint analysis. Based on financial exclusion theory, financial inclusion theory, poverty trap theory, and financial literacy theory, to build a logical framework between the rural financial resources availability, farmers’ financial capability, farmers’ entrepreneurship, farmers’ risk management capability, and farmers’ poverty, and then empirically explore the optimization mechanism of poverty reduction for farmers, and analyze the heterogeneity of the financial resources availability, to reduce the return to poverty caused by the lack of entrepreneurial motivation and the low level of risk resilience of rural households. The study aims to improve the farmers’ financial capability and promote sustainable and high-quality development of rural households. In this study, we modeled financial resource availability and rural household poverty using structural equations and surveyed rural households using a scale questionnaire. It was found that financial resource availability significantly affects rural household risk resilience, farmers’ entrepreneurship, and rural household poverty and that rural household risk resilience significance mediates the relationship between financial resource availability and rural household poverty, financial capability plays a significant moderating role. However, the mediating effect of farmers’ entrepreneurship on the availability of financial resources and farmers’ poverty is insignificant. Here, we put forward corresponding countermeasures and recommendations: guiding the allocation of financial resources to key areas and weak links; optimizing financial services; and building a long-term mechanism.

This study addressed the procedural aspects of the claim for civil liability for nuclear damage in accordance with the newly promulgated Law on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage No. 4 of 2012 of the United Arab Emirates and the Vienna Convention. The study was divided into two main investigators; the first main investigator examined the parties to the claim for nuclear damage, which, in turn, was split into two main sections: the first section examined the claimant, and the second section examined the defendant. The second main investigator of this paper examined civil liability for nuclear damage, which, in turn, was split into two main sections: the first of which addressed the jurisdiction in the claim for liability for nuclear damage, and the second of which dealt with the time to initiate proceeding. The study based its conclusions on several findings and recommendations, the most important of which was to propose amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act in line with the general rules of civil liability and the Vienna Convention.