The current state of the Moroccan mountains in general, and the Beni Iznassen Mountains in particular, is the result of a dynamic process that has accelerated in recent years due to rapid demographic growth and the associated pressure on mountain natural resources. This has led to significant degradation, varying in severity across different areas within the Beni Iznassen Mountain range. In the context of these imbalances between natural mountain resources and the daily needs of the local population, there has been an emergence of various challenges, such as poverty and marginalization, affecting the lives of the region’s residents and a noticeable decline in socioeconomic indicators. This situation has consequently driven migration towards regions that better meet the population’s needs. Therefore, it has become essential to pay attention to this natural area by restoring its residents’ livelihoods, breaking their isolation, and rationalizing the use of its land-based natural resources. This has made the region a focus of territorial development efforts by both the state and local stakeholders.

Metal oxide-based nanohybrids have become multipurpose materials that connect basic nanoscience with useful technology uses. They are appealing for a variety of sectors, from biology to energy and environmental remediation, due to their tunable physicochemical features and synergistic interactions. The main synthesis approaches—physical, chemical, and green/biological—are presented in a cohesive manner in this review, emphasizing their benefits, drawbacks, scalability, and appropriateness for various application requirements. Characterization methods including spectroscopy, diffraction, and microscopy are presented as crucial connections that link final functional performance with structure, composition, and morphology in addition to being analytical instruments. Additionally, the review incorporates new advancements such as data-driven intelligent material design, sustainable synthesis utilizing microbes and plant extracts, and machine learning-assisted process optimization. All things considered, this work provides a coherent overview linking synthesis techniques, property assessment, and application potential, providing insights that can direct the future development of effective, environmentally friendly metal oxide nanohybrids designed for practical technological deployment.

A comprehensive proteomic analysis was carried out to evaluate leaf proteome changes of Brassica napus cultivars as an important oilseed crop inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FY32 under salt stress. Based on the physiochemical characteristics of canola, Hyola308 was a tolerant and Sarigol was a salt sensitive cultivar. Gel-based proteomics indicated that proteins related to energy/metabolism, cell/membrane maintenance, signalins, stress, and development respond to salt stress and bacterial inoculation in both cultivars. Under salt stress, Hyola308 launches mechanisms similar to Sarigol, but the tolerance was related to consuming less energy consumption than Sarigol for launching the proper pathway/mechanism. Inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria promotes relative growth rate and net assimilation rate; causes increase in soluble sugar content (12–32% varing to cultivars and salt treatments), as an osmo-protectant, in leaves of Sarigol and Hyola308 in control and salt stress conditions. The groups of proteins that are affected due to inoculation (18 and14 functional groups in Hyola308 and Sarigol, respectively) are varying to stress-influenced groups (10 and 6 functional groups in Hyola308 and Sarigol, respectively) that might be because of regulating tolerance mechanism of plant and/or plant-growth promoting bacteria inoculation. Furthermore, it is recognized that P. fluorescens FY32 has a dual effect on the cultivars including a pathogenic effect and a growth promoting effect on both cultivars under salt stress.

Polyurethane is a multipurpose polymer with valuable mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability, and countless other physical features. Polyurethanes can be processed as foam, elastomer, or fibers. This innovative overview is designed to uncover the present state and opportunities in the field of polyurethanes and their nanocomposite sponges. Special emphasis has been given to fundamentals of polyurethanes and foam materials, related nanocomposite categories, and associated properties and applications. According to literature so far, adding carbon nanoparticles such as graphene and carbon nanotube influenced cell structure, overall microstructure, electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical/heat stability, of the resulting polyurethane nanocomposite foams. Such progressions enabled high tech applications in the fields such as electromagnetic interference shielding, shape memory, and biomedical materials, underscoring the need of integrating these macromolecular sponges on industrial level environmentally friendly designs. Future research must be intended to resolve key challenges related to manufacturing and applicability of polyurethane nanocomposite foams. In particular, material design optimization, invention of low price processing methods, appropriate choice of nanofiller type/contents, understanding and control of interfacial and structure-property interplay must be determined.

The fast-growing field of nanotheranostics is revolutionizing cancer treatment by allowing for precise diagnosis and targeted therapy at the cellular and molecular levels. These nanoscale platforms provide considerable benefits in oncology, including improved disease and therapy specificity, lower systemic toxicity, and real-time monitoring of therapeutic outcomes. However, nanoparticles' complicated interactions with biological systems, notably the immune system, present significant obstacles for clinical translation. While certain nanoparticles can elicit favorable anti-tumor immune responses, others cause immunotoxicity, including complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA), cytokine storms, chronic inflammation, and organ damage. Traditional toxicity evaluation approaches are frequently time-consuming, expensive, and insufficient to capture these intricate nanoparticle-biological interactions. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as transformational solutions to these problems. This paper summarizes current achievements in nanotheranostics for cancer, delves into the causes of nanoparticle-induced immunotoxicity, and demonstrates how AI/ML may help anticipate and create safer nanoparticles. Integrating AI/ML with modern computational approaches allows for the detection of potentially dangerous nanoparticle qualities, guides the optimization of physicochemical features, and speeds up the development of immune-compatible nanotheranostics suited to individual patients. The combination of nanotechnology with AI/ML has the potential to completely realize the therapeutic promise of nanotheranostics while assuring patient safety in the age of precision medicine.