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Oct 30, 2026

A review of refuse-derived fuel utilisation as an industrial resource: The nigerian perspective

Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Nigeria has increased significantly due to rapid urbanisation, population growth, and changing consumption patterns, creating serious environmental and waste management challenges. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF), which is produced from the combustible fraction of MSW, has emerged as a sustainable alternative fuel for industrial applications, particularly in cement manufacturing, steel production, and electricity generation. This review examines RDF production processes, industrial utilisation, and environmental implications, with an emphasis on the Nigerian context. It discusses the generation, composition, and management of MSW, highlighting how waste characteristics influence RDF quality and performance. The review further evaluates the current status of RDF utilisation in Nigeria, identifies key technical, economic, and policy barriers limiting its adoption, and explores opportunities for wider implementation. The findings indicate that Nigeria possesses substantial potential for RDF development owing to its abundant MSW resources and growing industrial energy demand. Strengthening waste segregation, supportive policies, and investment in processing infrastructure will be critical to advancing RDF utilisation and promoting a circular economy.

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May 11, 2026

Limiting capabilities and conceptual design of heat transfer systems

This study estimates minimal entropy production, the corresponding distribution of heat exchange surfaces and contact temperatures for heat exchange systems with given total heat load and heat transfer coefficient. The analysis proves that an optimal heat exchange system requires constancy of the temperature ratio for the contact flows and equal heat flows’ output temperatures. The requirement that the entropy production in the system be greater than the minimum entropy generation marks the boundary of the reachable set of heat exchange systems.

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Mar 24, 2026

Forensic nanotechnology: Innovations, challenges, and legal considerations

Forensic science fundamentally centers on detecting and interpreting clues, many of which are extremely small, easily degraded by environmental conditions, or intentionally concealed. Traditional forensic methods remain reliable and legally accepted; however, they increasingly struggle to address emerging forms of highly minute and complex evidence. In response, researchers are turning to nanotechnology to enhance forensic capabilities. Working at the nanoscale offers improved sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy, enabling forensic scientists to detect, visualize, and analyze trace evidence with greater precision. This review examines the expanding role of nanotechnology across diverse forensic domains, including fingerprint visualization, gunshot residue detection, DNA analysis, document authentication, drug-related investigations, and postmortem interval estimation. Rather than suggesting that nanotechnology will replace established approaches, this article compares nanoscale methods with conventional techniques, highlighting their respective advantages, limitations, and practical considerations. Key challenges, such as validation, reproducibility, interpretation of results, and admissibility in court, are critically discussed. By assessing how nanotechnology can both support and complicate forensic workflows, this review provides a balanced perspective on its realistic contributions and shortcomings. Through integrating recent scientific advances with an understanding of forensic constraints, the article aims to clarify how nanoscale technologies may meaningfully strengthen forensic science while upholding the evidentiary standards demanded by the justice system.

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Jan 14, 2025

Canonical correlation analysis of high school chemistry teacher knowledge and learning attitudes of students

This study, through the method of canonical correlation analysis, revealed significant correlations between various dimensions of learning attitudes of students and various dimensions of teacher knowledge. An analysis of data from a group of 221 high school students showed that teacher knowledge of teaching content, theoretical knowledge, and teaching practice and classroom management significantly impact learning attitudes of students. Specifically, teacher knowledge of teaching content plays a crucial role in promoting students' behavioral inclination to learn chemistry, teachers' theoretical knowledge significantly enhances students' liking for chemistry laboratory courses, while teachers' teaching practice and classroom management have a suppressive effect on students' evaluative beliefs about school chemistry. The results of this study provide effective guidance for both the theory and practice of high school chemistry education.

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Nov 21, 2025

The role of preschool education in increasing work participation and per capita income in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine how early childhood education affects Indonesia's per capita income, labor force participation rate, and human capital development. This study examines the link between these variables and finds substantial changes when a particular threshold is achieved using the dynamic threshold autoregressive (TAR) approach. Variables including the labor force participation rate, human capital development indicators, pre-school education participation rate, and per capita income are among those included by the data, which spans the observation period from 1990 to 2023. The findings indicate that higher rates of pre-school enrollment are positively correlated with higher per capita income, better educational outcomes, and improved population health. In addition, active participation in the workforce also contributes significantly to economic growth. This study also found that per capita income in the previous period has a continuous effect on current economic welfare. These findings provide important insights for policymakers in designing effective strategies to improve economic welfare through investment in education, health, and labor force participation. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to economic and social development in Indonesia.

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Apr 29, 2023

Principal leadership styles in improving the quality of education in Lhokseumawe Aceh Indonesia

This article aims to explain the principles of the leadership styles of madrasah heads in enhancing the quality of Islamic education in Lhokseumawe City. It turns out that the leadership of madrasah heads has a significant impact on the functioning of the madrasah leadership. The madrasah head plays a direct role in developing Islamic educational institutions through leadership characteristics, leader types, leader functions, and leader activities during their tenure as madrasah heads. A quantitative research method with a phenomenological approach is considered capable of addressing various issues in the research problem formulation. It simultaneously analyzes data obtained from observations, interviews, and in-depth documentation to find answers to the research problem. The research findings reveal that the leadership styles of madrasah heads can be divided into two categories: democratic leadership style and autocratic leadership style. The first principle of leadership style involves giving responsibilities and authority to all parties, encouraging active involvement in the organization. Members are given opportunities to provide suggestions, recommendations, and criticisms for the progress of the organization. The second principle, the autocratic leadership style, positions a leader as the source of policies.

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