In order to meet the guidance, publicity and commercial functions, various types of billboards have become important permanent facilities in the airport terminal, which are distributed all over the terminal. The advertising materials inside billboards have certain fire hazards, and there is a lack of research on the fire risk of advertising materials at present. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fire risk of advertising materials in airport terminal. Taking PVC board, a commonly used advertising material, as the research object, Pyrosim was used to model and analyze its fire, and the characteristics of fire spread, smoke flow, and distribution of combustion products such as CO and CO2 in the terminal building were obtained. This study explores the fire combustion characteristics of advertising materials in civil airport terminals, providing a basis for fire prevention management in civil airport terminals.

The last decades have offered new challenges to researchers worldwide through the problems our planet is facing both in the environment protection field and the need to replace fossil fuels with new environmentally friendly alternatives. Bioenergy as a form of renewable energy is an acceptable option from all points of view and biofuels due to their biological origin have the ability to satisfy the new needs of humanity. By releasing some non-polluting combustion products into the atmosphere, biofuels have already been adopted as additives in traditional liquid fuels, being intended mainly for internal combustion engines of automobiles. The current work proposes an extension of biofuels application in combustion processes specific to industrial furnaces. This technical concern is not found in the literature, except for achievements of the research team involved in this work, which has performed previous investigations. A 51.5 kW-burner was designed to operate with glycerine originating from triglycerides of plants and animals, mixed with ethanol, an alcohol produced by the chemical industry recently used as an additive in gasoline for automobile engines. Industrial oxygen was chosen as the oxidizing agent necessary for the liquid mixture combustion, allowing to obtain much higher flame temperatures compared to the usual combustion processes using air. Mixing glycerine with ethanol in 8.8 ratio allowed growing flame stability, accentuated also by creating swirl currents in the flame through the speed regime of fluids at the exit from the burner body. Results were excellent both through the flame stability and low level of polluting emissions.

The co-hydrothermal carbonization of biomasses has shown many advantages on charcoal yield, carbonization degree, thermal-stability of hydrocar and energy recovered. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of co-combustion of cattle manure and sawdust on energy recovered. The results show that ash content ranged between 10.38%–20.00%, indicating that the proportion of each variable influences energy recovered. The optimum is obtained at 51% cattle manure and 49% sawdust revealing 37% thermal efficiency and 3.9 kW fire power. These values are higher compared to cattle manure individually which gives values of 30% and 2.3 kW respectively for thermal efficiency and fire power. Thus, the mixture of biomasses enhances energy recovered both in combustion and hydrothermal carbonization. Volatile matter is lower in mixture predicting that the flue gas releases is lower during combustion. Fixed carbon is higher in mixture predicting that energy recovered increases during the combustion of mixture than cattle manure individually. Higher Carbon content was noticed in mixture than cattle manure indicating that the incorporation of sawdust enhances heating value. The incorporation of sawdust in cattle manure can also enhance energy recovered and is more suitable for domestic and industrial application.

The paper examines the underlying science determining the performance of hybrid engines. It scrutinizes a full range of orthodox gasoline engine performance data, drawn from two sources, and how it would be modified by hybrid gasoline vehicle engine operation. The most significant change would be the elimination of the negative consequences of urban congestion, stop-start, and engine driving, in favour of a hybrid electric motor drive. At intermediate speeds there can be other instances where electric motors might give a more efficient drive than an engine. Hybrid operation is scrutinised and the electrical losses estimated. There also remains scope for improvements in engine combustion. 

The objective of the present study is to observe the surface morphology, structure and elemental composition of the ash particles produced from some thermal power stations of India using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). This information is useful to better understand the ash particles before deciding its utility in varied areas.