This article analyzes the use and limitations of nonmonetary contract incentives in managing third-party accountability in human services. In-depth case studies of residential care homes for the elderly and integrated family service centers, two contrasting contracting contexts, were conducted in Hong Kong. These two programs vary in service programmability and service interdependency. In-depth interviews with 17 managers of 48 Residential Care Homes for the Elderly (RCHEs) and 20 managers of 10 Integrated Family Service Centers (IFSCs) were conducted. Interviews with the managers show that when service programmability was high and service interdependency was low, nonmonetary contract incentives such as opportunities for self-actualization professionally or reputation were effective in improving service quality from nonprofit and for-profit contractors. When service programmability was low and service interdependency was high, despite that only nonprofit organizations were contracted, many frontline service managers reported that professional accountability was undermined by ambiguous service scope, performance emphasis on case turnover, risk shift from public service units and a lack of formal accountability relationships between service units in the service network. The findings shed light on the limitations of nonmonetary contract incentives.

This study deals with the impact of Vietnam bank size, loans, credit risk, and liquidity on Vietnam banks’ net interest margin, which are crucial for economic development. High profit margins result in a lower bad debt ratio due to timely loan collection and good liquidity. This study applies a panel data model to evaluate the relationship among bank size, loans, credit risk, liquidity, and marginal profitability, which are increasingly important in commercial bank growth. Data were collected from 2010 to 2022, and test methods were applied to select a good-fit model. Realizing that the factors that have a close correlation and affect the profit margin are 33.6% and 16.07%, 75.2%, 37.51%, 64.30%, and 41.11%, and R2 is 59.04%, respectively, this suggests that financial managers need to develop appropriate strategies and policies to adjust the factors that adversely affect commercial bank profitability.

The purpose of the article is to present the results of analysis of newly industrialized countries in the context of sustainable development. The study took place within the framework of the Kaldor’s structural-economic model of the gross domestic product and the energy flow model, using the socio-economic systems power changes analyzing method. Within the context of the approach, an invariant coordinate system in energy units is considered, the necessary conditions for sustainable development are formulated, and the main parameters for assessing the potential for growth and development are determined. The article focuses on key issues regarding new concepts of sustainable development and methodology for assessing sustainable development using the concept of socioeconomics useful power for the countries of the newly industrialized economy a group of emerging countries that have made in short time period a qualitative transition in socio-economic development. Based on a new definition of sustainable development in energy units, development trends are formulated for the selected countries during 20 years for the period 2000–2019. Results of the study can be used to planning for the transition to sustainable development. The data of the Central Statistical Office of European Union, the World Bank and the United Nations Organization were used for calculations. Initial interpretation of the calculated data has been done for the largest newly industrialized countries Brazil, India and China in terms of the gross domestic product in the period 1990–2019. For comparison, data on USA are presented as countries with advanced economy.

Our previous research on social innovation examined the process, levels, and stakeholders of social innovation, as well as its relationship with technical and technological innovation. The present study analyzes the spatial image created by the social innovation potential and investigates its relationship with the economic power of the neighborhoods. The most important conclusion of the study is that the basic territorial inequality dimensions are the same in the case of both the social innovation potential and the district’s economic strength. The difference is primarily to be found in concentration, as economic power is much more concentrated in the capital and the most important economic and tourism centers than the social innovation potential. We can therefore state that developments based on social innovation can solve a lot of the highly concentrated spatial structure in Hungary.