Coal is important basic energy and important raw materials, the development of coal industry to support the rapid development of the national economy. In the 1950s and 1960s, the proportion of coal in China's primary energy production and consumption structure accounted for 90% and 80% respectively, and the proportion of coal in 2004 was 75.6% and 67.7% respectively. In recent years, with the rapid development of fully mechanized mining equipment manufacturing technology, fully mechanized mining equipment to heavy, strong and automated, so that the reliability of the equipment is guaranteed, a strong impetus to the development of large mining technology, new round of coal mining technology revolution, the current in the East, Jincheng and other mining areas have been the first in the thick coal seam f = 1.5-5 use of large mining height fully mechanized mining equipment, to achieve the highest efficiency, the lowest cost of tons of coal. The main points of this paper are: in the production of coal enterprises to improve the competitiveness of the coal market. Conditions and conditions of coal storage conditions should be allowed to give priority to the use of large mining and mining methods.

The electro-magnetic (EM) waves transmitted through a thin object with fine structures are observed by a microsphere located above the thin object. The EM radiation transmitted through the object produces both evanescent waves, which include information on the fine structures of the object (smaller than a wavelength), and propagating waves, which include the large image of the object (with dimensions larger than a wavelength). The super-resolutions are calculated by using the Helmholtz equation. According to this equation, evanescent waves have an imaginary component of the wavevector in the z direction, leading the components of the wavevector in the transversal directions to become very large so that the fine structures of the object can be observed. Due to the decay of the evanescent waves, only a small region near the contact point between the thin object and the microsphere is effective for producing the super resolution effects. The image with super-resolution can be increased by a movement of the microsphere over the object or by using arrays of microspheres. Both propagating and evanescent waves arrive at the inner surface of the microsphere. A coupling between the transmitted EM waves and resonances produced in the dielectric sphere, possibly obtained by the Mie method, leads to a product of the EM distribution function with the transfer function. While this transfer function might be calculated by the Mie method, it is also possible to use it as an experimental function. By Fourier transform of the above product, we get convolution between the EM spatial modes and those of the transfer function arriving at the nano-jet, which leads the evanescent waves to become propagating waves with effective very small wavelengths and thus increase the resolution.

In this paper, electrically conductive composites comprised of silicone rubber and titanium diboride (TiB₂) were synthesized by conventional mixing methods. Fine particles of TiB₂ (in micron size) and 10 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) proportion of carbon black (XC-72) were used to make the composites with HTV silicone rubber. The composites were cured at appropriate temperature and pressure and the effect on the electrical properties was studied. The resistance of the silicone rubber is ~ 10¹⁵Ω which decreases to 1–2 kΩ in case of composites with negligible effect of heat ageing. The hardness increases by ~ 35% simultaneous to the decrease of ~ 47% in the tensile strength. Morphological characterization indicates the homogeneous dispersion of the fillers in the composite.

Tropical dry forests are complex and fragile ecosystems with high anthropogenic intervention and restricted reproductive cycles. They harbor unique richness, structural, physiological and phenological diversity. This research was carried out in the upper Magdalena valley, in four forest fragments with different successional stages. In each fragment, four permanent plots of 0.25 ha were established and the light habitat associated with species richness, relative abundance and rarity was evaluated, as well as the forest dynamics that included mortality, recruitment and diameter growth for a period of 5.25 years. In mature riparian forest, species richness was found to be higher than that reported in other studies for similar areas in the Cauca Valley and the Atlantic coast. Values of species richness, heterogeneity and rarity are higher than those found in drier areas of Tolima. Forest structure, diversity and dynamics were correlated with light habitat, showing differences in canopy architecture and its role in the capture and absorption of radiation. The utilization rate of photosynthetic effective radiation in the forest underlayer with high canopy density is low, which is related to the low species richness, while the underlayer under light is more abundant and heterogeneous.