This study aims to examine the evolution of the system of support sources in Hungary, focusing on the specific goals supporting higher education in the development programs Széchenyi 2020 (2014–2020) and Széchenyi Plan Plus (2021–2027). The study provides insights into development program evolution and changes, aiming to inform EU funding opportunities for Hungarian higher education institutions over a nearly 10-year period. By focusing on the operational programs that are the basis for the upcoming tenders, the study will display the target system of EU funds that can be utilized to bolster higher education institutions in Hungary. The study is based on document analysis, examining the Hungarian policy tools of the development programs and the operational program strategies of the ten-year time period from 2014 to 2024. By analyzing the support landscape for higher education institutions in Hungary, this study contributes to a better understanding of how the key objectives and criteria of strategic programs have evolved. It also examines the aspects and elements defined in two different development programs over the last ten years. The result of the study can contribute to anticipate the types of funding opportunities that may be available in the future and inform future decision-making processes.

This study examines the impact of education quality and innovative activities on economic growth in Shanghai through international trade and fixed asset formation. The study examines how higher education quality and innovation activities drive regional economic growth, with a focus on the mediating effects of international trade and fixed asset formation in Shanghai. The study adopts a quantitative approach utilizing panel data from 31 provinces in China covering the period from 1999 to 2022. The study incorporates variables such as education quality, innovation capacity, and GDP per capita, as well as control variables like labor, capital, and infrastructure. The methodology involves multiple regression models and robustness tests to verify the relationships between and effects of education quality and innovation with regard to economic growth. This study analyzes the direct and indirect effects of university R&D expenditure and innovation on economic growth using a regression model, based on data from 2014 to 2022 in relation to Shanghai. The model introduces variables such as international trade, capital formation, and urbanization to analyze the relationship between higher education quality and economic growth.

This article addresses the complex challenge of defining the concept and principles of juvenile justice within the realm of legal science: juvenile justice is a specialized legal framework that focuses on addressing legal issues involving minors, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment. The article explores the evolution of juvenile justice, examining its theoretical foundations, legislative developments, and practical applications across different legal systems. By dissecting various definitions and principles proposed by scholars and practitioners, this article aims to clarify the core components of juvenile justice and propose a coherent conceptual framework. This article seeks to analyze and elucidate the concept and principles of juvenile justice by examining its historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and current practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and comparative analysis of various legal systems, the article seeks to provide a robust framework for understanding juvenile justice, to offer clarity on “juvenile justice” definition and principles, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of juvenile justice systems and contributing to more informed policy-making and legal reform. The analysis underscores the importance of protecting minors’ rights while balancing the interests of society, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of juvenile justice in contemporary legal discourse. Based on the research, it is suggested to define juvenile justice as a comprehensive system of legal norms and institutions, state and other bodies that protect the rights of minors, as well as a complex of preventive and other measures in this area.

Consumers’ interest in green consumption has increased rapidly in recent years with heightening concerns for environmental, social, and health risks. However, increased concerns and interest of consumers may not translate to their behavioral outcome which may be attributed to socio-economic and consumers’ internal stimuli. Furthermore, contextual differences in the marketplace may influence how consumers form their green attitudes and behavior. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of consumers’ intrinsic traits such as consumers’ personal values, their self-motivation for sustainable consumption (i.e., perceived consumer effectiveness), green skepticism, and environmental involvement in their green attitude and behavior, and to see if the country-specific contextual condition may influence consumers’ behavior. In addition, price sensitivity and environmental protection emotions are considered moderating constructs to explain the gap between green attitude and green behavior. Findings from this study provide insights into understanding Chinese and Singaporean consumers’ green behavior which is driven by their intrinsic traits and by extrinsic conditions. This understanding can help companies to develop effective green marketing communication strategies and to enhance consumer engagement in sustainable activities and consumption.

The spiritual dimensions contained in New Quality Productive Forces are not only the core driving force for its vigorous development but also the key to leading it towards high-quality development. These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of being innovative and entrepreneurial in the face of challenges, and the spiritual spirit of being a good teacher. These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of advocating These spiritual dimensions include the scientific spirit of daring to innovate and continuous exploration, the fighting spirit of being unyielding and enterprising in the face of challenges, the collaborative spirit of advocating cross-disciplinary cooperation and open sharing, and the dedication of serving society and benefiting humanity. the concept of green development ensures that New Quality Productive Forces, while pursuing economic benefits, is also committed to achieving These spiritual dimensions are interwoven and complement each other, jointly constructing the spiritual core of New Quality Productive Forces. These spiritual dimensions are interwoven and complement each other, jointly constructing the spiritual core of New Quality Productive Forces and injecting it with profound moral depth and a continuous source of development momentum.

The current examines the influence of Islamic values on smoking behaviors among undergraduate students at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan (N: 334). Tobacco use, in religious and cultural terms, is viewed as abhorrent; it is a significant concern for this population group. The study intends to identify how Islamic values affect the perception of students on smoking and, consequently, their smoking behavior. A self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data and the past 30 days of cigarette use. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages, midpoint and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as chi-square tests, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression, were used to analyze smoking behaviors, Islamic values, and demographic attributes. The study shows that Islamic values have a strong negative attitude towards smoking; students attributed smoking to religion, family and social expectations and perceptions, health and economic implications. Further, the hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cigarette use, hookah and e-cigarette, gender, and attitude towards Islamic values were suitable predictors for cigarette use. This study advances knowledge regarding smoking behaviors from the cultural-religious perspective. It highlights the importance of historically and culturally informed gender-sensitive prevention programs that address smoking-related beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Collaboration with the Ministry of Health and media outlets to integrate Islamic values into public health campaigns can reduce smoking among university students by aligning cultural and religious beliefs with health messaging.