Tomato is one of the major solanaceous vegetables, which has a unique place in the global vegetable market. Instead of being a high-value crop, there is still a need to do improvement in its potential against various biotic and abiotic stressors that adequately demolish its real yield. Alternaria solani (causing early blight disease) is designated as one of the fatal organisms that may reduce tomato crop yield by up to 80%. There were lots of methods, viz., chemical, cultural and biological suggested to overcome it. However, chemical strategies are much in vogue, but they have several negative consequences for human health and the ecosystem. Enlightening this issue, the efficacy of various treatments, viz., chemical fungicides (Amistar Top^®, Nativo^®, and Contaf^®), biochar and fungal bioagent (Trichoderma viride) was assessed under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Induced resistance is mediated by several regulating pathways, like salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. These mediating pathways manipulate different physiological processes like growth and development, stress tolerance, and defence mechanisms of the plant. The assessment of results revealed that among all treatments biochar at 3.25% by weight consistently displayed remarkable effectiveness against the early blight infection by triggering resistance and improving the overall performance of tomato plants. This result is attributed to improved soil health, fastening mineralization as well as absorption processes, and boosting the plant’s immunity with the use of a higher concentration of biochar. Hence, it could be recommended for the overall improvement of tomato crop and its sustainability.

This study evaluates the health and sustainability of higher education systems in nine countries: the USA, UK, Australia, Germany, Canada, China, Brazil, India, and South Africa. Using a multi-level analysis model and principal component analysis (PCA), nine key factors—such as international student numbers, academic levels, and graduate employment rates—were identified, capturing over 90% of the cumulative impact on higher education systems. India, scoring 6.2036 initially, shows significant room for improvement. The study proposes policies to increase graduate employment, promote international faculty collaboration, and enhance India’s educational expenditure, which surpasses 9.8% of GDP. Post-policy simulations suggest India’s score could rise to 8.7432. The paper also addresses the impact of COVID-19 on global education, recommending a hybrid model and increased graduate enrollment in China to reduce unemployment by 5.4%. The research aims to guide sustainable development in higher education globally.

Professional judgments in business valuation should be based on persuasive comparative data and conclusive empirical studies. However, these judgments are frequently made without these conditions, causing professional skepticism. An appraiser should explain in detail what was done to get the market value because valuation is the initial crucial step in the investment decision process. In socially responsible investment schemes, an appraiser has a fiduciary duty and a vital role in protecting the public from fraud and the risk of asset value destruction. Professional skepticism is essential to direct the appraiser’s judgment towards independent valuation for the public interest, assisting in evaluating the relevance and reliability of information, especially relating to social, environmental, and ethical issues. This paper studies the business valuation process from a behavioral finance perspective in the United States and Indonesia, aiming to tweak business valuation practices, identify biases, and mitigate them to ensure the market value does not shift far from fairness opinion. The case study explores experiences from the professional role-learning process. The results highlight the need for an appraisal protocol in business valuation, improvements in the discount for lack of marketability application, and these findings are pertinent to business appraisers and regulators. Recommendations include enhancing the clarity of professional judgments and the integration of recent empirical studies into practice.

Polymer waste drilling fluid has extremely high stability, and it is difficult to separate solid from liquid, which has become a key bottleneck problem restricting its resource recycling. This study aims to reveal the stability mechanism of polymer waste drilling fluid and explore the destabilization effect and mechanism of ultrasonic waste drilling fluid. Surface analysis techniques such as X-ray energy spectrum and infrared spectrum were used in combination with colloidal chemical methods to study the spatial molecular structure, stability mechanism, and ultrasonic destabilization mechanism of drilling fluid. The results show that the particles in the drilling fluid exist in two forms: uncoated particles and particles coated by polymers, forming a high molecular stable particle system. Among them, rock particles not coated by polymer follow the vacancy stability and Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) stability mechanism, and the weighting material coated by the polymer surface follows the space stability and DLVO stability mechanism. The results of ultrasonic destabilization experiments show that after ultrasonic treatment at 1000 W power for 5 min, coupled with the addition of 0.02% cationic polyacrylamide, the dehydration rate is as high as 81.0%, and the moisture content of the mud cake is as low as 29.3%, achieving an excellent solid-liquid separation effect. Ultrasound destabilizes polymer waste drilling fluid by destroying the long-chain structure of the polymer. This study provides theoretical support and research direction for the research and development of polymer waste drilling fluid destabilization technology.

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) constitutes a crucial international framework that underscores the significance of inclusive education for individuals with disabilities, a vital goal for nations globally. This study seeks to examine the alignment of the recently established Saudi Law on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (SLRPD) with the CRPD in the educational sector. The study employs a comparative analytical methodology to examine pertinent legal material and international treaties regarding inclusive education for individuals with disabilities. The findings indicate that the SLRPD substantially improves the rights of persons with disabilities by facilitating access to educational opportunities. Article 8 of the bill significantly enhances Saudi Arabia’s adherence to Article 24 of the CRPD objectives regarding inclusive education. The report emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s dedication to the ongoing evaluation and enhancement of its legal frameworks to facilitate access to educational opportunities for disabled children and youth. Under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, the Kingdom has made significant strides in assisting those with disabilities, aligning with worldwide norms and its strategic goals. The research advises nations to intensify their initiatives for inclusive education by bolstering intersectoral collaboration, amplifying awareness activities, and cultivating relationships with international organizations. These measures will not only guarantee ongoing adherence to the CRPD but will also empower persons with disabilities to attain sustainable educational opportunities.

This study seeks to explore the information value of free cash flow (FCF) on corporate sustainability and investigate the moderating effects of board gender diversity and firm size on the association between FCF and corporate sustainability of Thai listed companies. The dataset consists of companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) in 2022. Multivariate regression analysis is executed in this study. Subsequently, PROCESS macro served to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. This study found that FCF has a significant positive relationship with corporate sustainability. As well, board gender diversity and firm size both moderate the relationship between FCF and corporate sustainability, such that the positive effect of FCF on corporate sustainability is stronger when the proportion of female boards diminishes, while firm size is smaller. However, when firms have a larger proportion of females on the boards of directors for all levels of firm size, free cash flow indicates that there is no statistically significant effect on corporate sustainability. This study contributes to FCF and sustainability literature by understanding the extent of corporate sustainability.