In recent years, financial development has gradually detached itself from its driving role in the real economy. Some real enterprises have withdrawn from their main business and invested a lot of capital used for industrial development into high return financial industries, leading to a trend of “financial melting” in the investment structure of real enterprises. Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2008 to 2022,a study was conducted on the relationship between controlling shareholder equity pledge and corporate financialization. It was found that the higher the proportion of controlling shareholder equity pledge,the higher the degree of corporate financialization. Mechanism testing shows that equity pledge affects the degree of corporate financialization by acting on the cost of debt capital,and the higher the analyst’s attention,the lower the significance of controlling shareholder equity pledge in corporate financialization.

With the development of society, people’s requirement on lexical meanings keeps changing, which causes meaning expansion. And it gives birth to the pervasive phenomenon of polysemy in vocabulary. Conceptual metaphor, proposed by Lakoff and Johnson, is a significant cognitive device deeply influencing human’s way of thinking and using language. And this thesis focuses on the analysis of con_x005fceptual metaphor mechanism on the polysemous words, “Hot”. Firstly, there is a brief introduction about polysemous words and conceptual metaphor. Then the most part of thesis focuses on explaining the semantic meanings of “Hot” with the help of conceptual metaphor theory.

In the current context of concern about the environmental impacts of human activity, the focus on sustainable development and environmental impact assessment (EIA) has gained prominence. The Brundtland Commission highlights the importance of meeting present needs without compromising future ones, leading to international treaties and public policies to address the environmental crisis. Moreover, the Latin American and Caribbean Initiative for Sustainable Development (ILAC) seeks to promote sustainable development in key areas in Latin America and the Caribbean. Among them, energy efficiency and destination are crucial for sustainable use of energy resources and emission reduction. The aim of this article is to examine the evolution of variables and countries regarding installed capacity to produce electricity, renewable primary energy supply share, and fossil-fuel subsidies through Dynamic biplots and multivariate analyses. Trends in the increase of renewable energy production capacity are shown. In contrast, the correlation between the share of fossil fuel subsidies and the share of renewable primary energy supply presents a weak inverse relationship. Therefore, although progress has been made toward using cleaner energies and the consumption and subsidization of fossil fuels have decreased, some countries still depend significantly on non-renewable sources. It is concluded that even when environmental information presents challenges, analyzing indicators and conceptual models contributes to understanding environmental dynamics and progress toward sustainable development in the region, especially through creating and implementing public policies.

With economic development and pandemic relief, crowd gatherings have become a focal point. Despite academic interest in crowd evacuation due to sudden events, the influence of exit obstacles has been neglected. This paper builds on prior research, presenting a social force model for emergency crowd evacuation under obstacle diversion. It explores the diverse effects of various obstacles on evacuation efficiency through experiments, mathematical modeling, and simulations. The study aims to offer scientific insights for urban planning based on the analysis of evacuation outcomes under different obstacle configurations.