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Epoxy nanocomposites with three-dimensional graphene reinforcements: Specifics and technical forge
Ayesha Kausar
Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 2025, 8(2); https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse11910
Submitted:27 Oct 2025
Accepted:25 Nov 2025
Published:01 Dec 2025
Abstract

Epoxy resins or polyepoxides are basically reactive prepolymers having epoxide functionalities and can be cured using hardening agents to form high-performance materials. Graphene is the most widely adopted nanofiller for thermosets, and similarly modified graphene forms, like three-dimensional graphene, were investigated as a valuable reinforcing agent. Looking at the significance of three-dimensional graphene for epoxy nanomaterials, this innovative review highlights all essential aspects of these materials from basics/synthesis to properties/applications. Consequently, literature reports were observed for facile designs and processing of epoxy/three-dimensional graphene nanocomposites via solution casting, infiltration, or melt blending methods. These nanomaterials have been investigated for microstructures, thermal/mechanical stability, anticorrosion, tribology, electrical/thermal conduction, and other properties. Among applied zones, epoxy/three-dimensional graphene nanocomposites’ physical attributes revealed enormous worth for electromagnetic and gamma ray shielding, corrosion protective coatings, and lubricants. Nevertheless, research seems restricted to design variations and applications of epoxy/three-dimensional graphene nanocomposites. Similarly, scientific reports lack sufficient information on interfacial and property enhancement mechanisms and foremost challenges limiting research margins on these hybrids. Hence, this article unveils the state-of-the-art of epoxy/three-dimensional graphene nanocomposites and can serve as a valuable guide for field researchers.

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