Fan Y, Hou X, Shi H, et al. Effect of carbon cycling in grassland ecosystems on climate warming. Acta Prataculture Sinica 2012; 21(3): 294–302.
Heimann M, Reichstein M. Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks. Nature 2008; 451: 289–292.
Xiao C, Yang F, Liu J, et al. Advances in input and output processes of below-ground carbon of terrestrial ecosystems. Chinese Bulletin of Botany 2017; 52(5): 652–668.
Chen L, Yuan Z, Mu X, et al. A review of fine root productivity of forest. Journal of Northwest of Forestry University 2015; 30(3): 70–75, 80.
Jiang H, Bai Y, Rao Y, et al. Fine root biomass and morphological characteristics in three different artificial forest communities in newly reclaimed saline soil. Chinese Bulletin of Botany 2016; 51(30): 343–352.
SunY, Wan H, Zhao Y, et al. Spatial patterns and drivers of root turnover in grassland ecosystems in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2018; 42(3): 337–348.
Liu W, Wang G, Yu K, et al. A new method to optimize root order classification based on the diameter interval of fine root. Scientific Reports 2018; 8: 2960.
Ni H, Su W, Fan S, et al. Responses of forest soil nutrient cycling to nutrient input modes: A review. Chinese Journal of Ecology 2019; 38(3): 863–872.
Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Palmiotto PA, et al. Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species. Plant and Soil 1995; 187: 159–219.
Matamala R, Gonzàlez-Meler MA, Jastrow JD, et al. Impacts of fine root turnover on forest NPP and soil C sequestration potential. Science 2003; 302: 1385–1387
Wang Y. Dixiao jignshengchanli, guanghechanwu fenpei ji genxi zhouzhuan dui butong caodi huifu cuoshi de xiangying (Chinese) [Responses of underground net productivity, photosynthate distribution and root turnover to different grassland restoration measures] [MSc thesis]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University; 2014. p. 5.
Arthur MA, Fahey TJ. Biomass and nutrients in an Engelmann spruce—Subalpine fir forest in north central Colorado: Pools, annual production, and internal cycling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1992; 22: 315–325.
Li L, Lin P, Xing X. Fine root biomass and production of Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyi Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 1998; 9(4): 337–340.
Zhang X, Wu K. Fine-root production and turnover for forest ecosystems. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 2001; 37(3): 126–138.
Liu X. The relative contribution of aboveground litter and fine roots to soil organic matter in mangrove [PhD thesis]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry; 2018. p. 3.
Mei L, Wang Z, Cheng Y, et al. A review: Factors influencing fine root longevity in forest ecosystems. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 2004; 28(4): 704–710.
Wang S, Wang Z, Gu J. Variation patterns of fine root biomass, production and turnover in Chinese forests. Journal of Forestry Research 2017; 28: 1185–1194.
Cai H, Li F, Jin G. Fine root biomass, production and turnover rates in plantations versus natural forests: Effects of stand characteristics and soil properties. Plant and Soil 2019; 436: 463–474.
Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Bloomfield J. Analysis of some direct and indirect methods for estimating root biomass and production of forests at an ecosystem level. Plant and Soil 1998; 200: 71–89.
Majdi H, Pregitzer K, Morén AS, et al. Measuring fine root turnover in forest ecosystems. Plant and Soil 2005; 276: 1–8.
Pritchard SG, Strand AE. Can you believe what you see? Reconciling minirhizotron and isotopically derived estimates of fine root longevity. New Phytologist 2008; 177(2): 287–291.
Xiao C, Sang W, Wang R. Fine root dynamics and turnover rate in an Asia white birch forest of Donglingshan Mountain, China. Forest Ecology and Management 2008; 255(34): 765–773.
Zhou Y, Su J, Janssens IA, et al. Fine root and litterfall dynamics of three Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests along an altitudinal gradient. Plant and Soil 2014; 374: 19–32.
Xiao C, Janssens IA, Sang W, et al. Belowground carbon pools and dynamics in China’s warm temperate and sub-tropical deciduous forests. Biogeosciences 2010; 7: 275–287.
Liu L, Yang F, Wang Y, et al. Fine-root turnover, litterfall, and soil microbial community of three mixed coniferous-deciduous forests dominated by Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) along a latitudinal gradient. Frontiers in Plant Science 2019; 10: 1298.
Trumbore SE, Gaudinski JB. The secret lives of roots. Science 2003; 302: 1344–1345.
Iversen CM, Ledford J, Norby RJ. CO2 enrichment increases carbon and nitrogen input from fine roots in a deciduous forest. New Phytologist 2008; 179: 837–847.
Bai W, Wan S, Niu S, et al. Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production, mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: Implications for ecosystem C cycling. Global Change Biology 2010; 16: 1306–1316.
Luo Y. Uncertainties in interpretation of isotope signals for estimation of fine root longevity: Theoretical considerations. Global Change Biology 2003; 9: 1118–1129.
Wu Y, Che R, Ma S, et al. Estimation of root production and turnover in an alpine meadow: Comparison of three measurement methods. Acta Ecologica Sinica 2014; 34(13): 3529–3537.
Brunner I, Bakker MR, Björk RG, et al. Fine-root turnover rates of European forests revisited: An analysis of data from sequential coring and ingrowth cores. Plant and Soil 2013; 362: 357–372.
Aber JD, Melillo JM, Nadelhoffer KJ, et al. Fine root turnover in forest ecosystems in relation to quantity and form of nitrogen availability: A comparison of two methods. Oecologia 1985; 66: 317–321.
Gill RA, Jackson RB. Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems. New Phytologist 2000; 147: 13–31.
Li G, Ren H. Biomass and net primary productivity of the forests in different climatic zones of China. Tropical Geography 2004; 24: 306–310.
Zhou S. Butong qihoudai senlin diaoluowu de bainhua (Chinese) [Variation of forest litter in different climatic zones]. Xiandai Horticulture 2013; (12): 15.
Silver WL, Miya RK. Global patterns in root decomposition: comparisons of climate and litter quality effects. Oecologia 2001; 129: 407–419.
Yuan Z, Chen H. Fine root biomass, production, turnover rates, and nutrient contents in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species, climate, fertility, and stand age: Literature review and meta-analyses. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 2010; 29: 204–221.
Kosola KR, Eissenstat DM, Graham JH. Root demography of mature citrus trees: The influence of Phytophthora nicotianae. Plant and Soil 1995; 171: 283–288.
Henry AL, Cleland EE, Field CB, et al. Interactive effects of elevated CO2, N deposition and climate change on plant litter quality in a California annual grassland. Oecologia 2005; 142: 465–473.
Wang S. Shumu xigen xingtai jiegou he shengwulaing dongtai de dili bianyi (Chinese) [Geographical variation in tree fine root morphological structure and biomass dynamics] [PhD thesis]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University; 2017. p. 57–58.
Cavelier J, Wright SJ, Santamaria J. Effects of irrigation on litterfall, fine root biomass and production in a semideciduous lowland forest in Panama. Plant and Soil 1999; 211: 207–213.
Joslin JD, Wolfe MH, Hanson PJ. Effects of altered water regimes on forest root systems. New Phytologist 2000; 147: 117–129.
Zhang X, Xing Y, Yan G, et al. Response of fine roots to precipitation change: A meta-analysis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2018; 42(20): 164–172.
Yang H. Turang xingneng dui shumu xigen shengchang de yingxiang (Chinese) [Effects of soil properties on tree fine root growth]. Xiangcun Keji 2019; (21): 54–55.
Lai Z. Fine root dynamics of four typical sandy shrubs and their effects on soil organic carbon [PhD thesis]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University; 2015. p. 10–11.
Wang R, Cheng R, Xiao W, et al. Influencing factors of fine root production and turnover in forest ecosystem. World Forestry Research 2012; 25(1): 19–24.
Diabate B. Subsurface net productivity and fine root dynamics in Songnen grassland in response to different management practices [PhD thesis]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University; 2016. p. 78–79.
Zhang L, Zhang S. Turang pH zhidui lvhuashu shengzhang de yingxiang (Chinese) [Effects of soil pH on the growth of green trees] [PhD thesis]. Jiangxi Agriculture 2018; (16): 92, 97.
Wang AS, Angle JS, Chaney RL, et al. Changes in soil biological activities under reduced soil pH during Thlaspi caerulescens phytoextraction. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2006; 38(6): 1451–1461.
