With the increasing demand for sustainable energy, advanced characterization methods are becoming more and more important in the field of energy materials research. With the help of X-ray imaging technology, we can obtain the morphology, structure and stress change information of energy materials in real time from two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspectives. In addition, with the help of high penetration X-ray and high brightness synchrotron radiation source, in-situ experiments are designed to obtain the qualitative and quantitative change information of samples during the charge and discharge process. In this paper, X-ray imaging technology based on synchrotron and its related applications are reviewed. The applications of several main X-ray imaging technologies in the field of energy materials, including X-ray projection imaging, transmission X-ray microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and coherent diffraction imaging, are discussed. The application prospects and development directions of X-ray imaging in the future are prospected.

Introduction: Periodontal disease affects more than half of the population in Colombia and is estimated to be one of the leading causes of oral morbidity. Diagnostic aids that allow the evaluation of its extension and severity are of importance since this will provide reliable tools to quantify the severity of the problem. Objective: To determine the inter-examiner agreement for the detection of radiographic findings in patients with localized chronic periodontitis using conventional periapical radiography. Methods: Study of diagnostic tests including patients with localized chronic periodontitis, the tooth with the worst clinical insertion level and a single conventional radiograph per dental organ using parallelism technique. The radiographic evaluations were performed by two independent and blinded evaluators for the findings: lamina dura, bone defects and type of defect. The agreement obtained was estimated through Cohen’s Kappa. Results: A total of 125 radiographs were taken. The mean age was 38.8 ± 9.9, and 61.6% were women. Concordance for lamina dura was 0.08 (95% CI: -0.04–0.21), bone defects 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00); type of defect present 0.31 (95% CI: 0.29–0.38). Conclusions: Concordance was evaluated as null, almost perfect and acceptable for the findings lamina dura, presence of bone defects and type of defect respectively. For some findings and given the importance of the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, more accurate evaluations are needed which would result in a higher degree of agreement.

Infrared thermal imaging technology is another new branch for medical imaging after traditional medical imaging technologies such as X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MRI). It has the advantages of noninvasive, nondestructive, simple and fast. Its application can radiate multiple clinical departments. This paper mainly expounds the principle, influencing factors of medical infrared thermography and its application in radiation protection and other medical fields.

Objective: To determine the presence of bacteria by means of microbiological analysis on the surfaces contacted by the operator during the taking and processing of intraoral radiographs at different times of the day in the Oral Radiology Service of the UPCH. Materials and methods: Nine surfaces of the oral radiology service were sampled. The samples were taken at two times by the same investigator; at the beginning and the end of the activities in the service, the surfaces were swabbed with Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB). The samples were inoculated and incubated in three culture media (Plate Count Agar, Lamb’s Blood Agar and Cetrimide Agar). Then the respective Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count was performed and Gram staining was also performed. Results: A high concentration of bacteria (4180 CFU/mL) and fungi was found in the oral radiology service. Gram-positive cocci were the most frequently found microorganisms and gram-negative bacilli were less frequently found. Conclusions: There is a high contamination of bacteria in the oral radiology service. When the activities are completed, the number of bacteria decreases, but the variety of bacteria increases.

In Costa Rica, there is no explicit recommendation from the competent authorities for the use of a specific phantom, so experts must explore what suppliers offer, among which the Normi Mam Digital phantom from PTW stands out. This article presents the results of the dosimetry and image quality control applied to the Normi Mam Digital phantom to validate it as equipment that complies with the recommendations of the Human Health Series No. 17. The results obtained were satisfactory, proving that the equipment complies with the tolerances recommended by international health bodies.

Introduction: In Colombia, the last oral health study showed that about 70% of the population has partial edentulism while 5.2% will have lost all their teeth between the age of 65 and 79. Rehabilitation with implants is an increasingly used option, which requires clinical and radiographic follow-up. Panoramic radiography is a low-cost option, in which it is possible to observe areas of bone loss, mesiodistal angulation of the implant, relationship with anatomical structures and lesions suggestive of peri-implantitis. Reports and analysis of relevant data on radiographic findings associated with dental implants are required to determine the risk factors for their success in patients who use them. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characterize the findings associated with osseointegration implants in panoramic radiographs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 10,000 digital panoramic radiographs selected by convenience from radiological centers in the city of Bogota, Colombia, of which 543 corresponded to the sample analyzed for the presence of implants. The following were evaluated for each implant: location, position, angulation and distances to adjacent structures, using the Clínicalview® program (Orthopantomograph OP200D, Instrumentarium, USA). Results: The frequency of radiographs with implants was 5.43% with a total of 1,791 implants, with an average of 3.2 per radiograph. They were found in greater proportion in the upper jaw with a supracrestal location and an angulation of 10.3 degrees. 32% had implant/tooth or implant/implant distances that were less than optimal. 40.9% were restored and 1.2% showed lesions compatible with periimplantitis. Conclusions: A high percentage of the implants reviewed have a risk factor that affects their long-term viability, either due to angulation, supracrestal or crestal position, proximity to teeth or other implants, or because they are not restorable.

Introduction: It is universally accepted that the posteroanterior skull radiograph shows a lower degree of distortion than other radiographic images, so that measurements on it are considered reliable. Objective: To determine the percentage of distortion in the different facial regions of the postero-anterior skull radiograph. Methods: Thirty human skulls with their jaws were divided by three horizontal and four vertical planes into fifteen quadrants; there were ten in the skull and five in the jaw. On each of them a steel wire was placed in vertical and horizontal positions and their length (actual measurement) was measured. Each set was X-rayed in posteroanterior projection and the length of the wires was measured in the image (radiographic measurement). Results: It was not possible to measure in the lateral quadrants of the skull. The horizontal measurement in the right and left lower intermediate quadrants of the skull and in the intermediate and lateral quadrants of both sides of the mandible is not reliable; in the median quadrant of the mandible it is minimized; in the right and left upper intermediate and median quadrants of the skull and in the median of the mandible it is magnified. Vertical measurements in all quadrants are reliable; in the right and left upper intermediate and left upper and middle quadrants of the skull and in the right and left middle and lateral quadrants of the mandible it is magnified; in the lower intermediate and upper and lower middle quadrants of the skull and median of the mandible it is minimized. The least distortion for both measurements occurs in the upper median quadrant of the skull. Percentages of distortion are reported for each quadrant. Conclusions: Distortion is present in the posteroanterior skull radiograph and varies from one region of the face to another.

Introduction: Chest trauma has a high incidence and pneumothorax is the most frequent finding. The literature is scarce on what to do with asymptomatic patients with pneumothorax due to penetrating chest trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate what are the findings of the control radiography of patients with penetrating chest trauma who are not initially taken to surgery, and their usefulness in determining the need for further treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including patients older than 15 years who were admitted for penetrating chest trauma between January 2015 and December 2017 and who did not require initial surgical management. We analyzed the results of chest radiography, the time of its acquisition, and the behavior decided according to the findings in patients initially left under observation. Results: A total of 1,554 patients were included, whose average age was 30 years, 92.5% were male and 97% had a sharp weapon wound. Of these, 186 (51.5%) had no alterations in their initial X-ray, 142 had pneumothorax less than 30% and 33 had pneumothorax greater than 30 %, hemopneumothorax or hemothorax. Closed thoracostomy was required as the final procedure in 78 cases, sternotomy or thoracotomy in 2 cases and discharged in 281. Conclusion: In asymptomatic patients with small or moderate pneumothorax and no other significant lesions, longer observation times, radiographs and closed thoracostomy may be unnecessary.