The effect of foliar treatment with brassinosteroid (BR) on gender distribution in flowers of walnut (Juglans regia L. cv. Chandler) was investigated. Grafted walnut saplings (‘Chandler’) on the wild walnut (Juglans regia L.) rootstock were planted into 70-liter pots with a soil: peat: perlite medium and grown in pots between 2016–2020. BRs (24-epibrassinolide; EBR and 22(S), 23(S)-homobrassinolide; HBR) were applied at a concentration of 1 mg L^–1 for four consecutive years at the time of flower differentiation. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. The results show that BR applications could alter the sexual distribution of the walnut’s flower. BRs application significantly increased the number of total flowers and female flowers per tree. The number of female flowers was also increased by the season. The highest number of female flowers (20.9) was observed in the trees in 2020 and the application of 1 mg L^–1 of HBR. It was determined that the annual growth of the plant and the increase in the number of females and total flowers were positively related. The effect of BRs indicated that the response was BR-type specific.

There are diverse effects in consequence of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). The interactions of fields and the exposed body tissues are related to the nature of exposure, tissue comportment, field strength and signal frequency. These interactions can crop different effects.

This paper reviews the emerging potential of mid-tier transit, articulating how a complex set of established and new factors could contribute both to better transit outcomes and the associated urban regeneration around station precincts. The analysis is based on two structured literature reviews, supported by insights from the authors’ original research. The first provides an overview of the established and new rationale for mid-tier technologies such as the established Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as well as the new Trackless Tram Systems (TTS). The established role for mid-tier transit is now being given extra reasons for it to be a major focus of urban infrastructure especially due to the need for net zero cities. The second review, is a detailed consideration of established and new factors that can potentially improve patronage on mid-tier transit. The established factors of urban precinct design like stop amenities and improved accessibility and density around stations, are combined with new smart technology systems like advanced intelligent transport systems and real-time transport information for travellers, as well as new transport technologies such as micro-mobility and Mobility on Demand. Also explored are new processes with funding and development models that properly leverage land value capture, public private partnerships, and other entrepreneurial development approaches that are still largely not mainstreamed. All were found to potentially work, especially if done together, to help cities move into greater mid-tier transit.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a versatile and widely used polymer that has gained significant attention in various industries due to its unique combination of properties and ease of processing. PMMA, also known as acrylic or plexiglass, is a transparent thermoplastic with exceptional optical clarity, high-impact resistance, and excellent weatherability. This scholarly article endeavors to offer an exhaustive examination of the composition, characteristics, and broad utilization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the molecular composition and chemical attributes inherent to PMMA. Furthermore, it intends to examine the mechanical and physical attributes exhibited by PMMA meticulously. Additionally, an exploration of varied methodologies employed in the processing and fabrication of PMMA will be undertaken. The extensive array of applications of PMMA spanning multiple industries will be underscored, followed by a comprehensive discourse on its merits, constraints, contemporary advancements, and prospective avenues. Understanding the properties and applications of PMMA is crucial for engineers, scientists, and professionals working in fields such as automotive, aerospace, medical, and signage, where PMMA finds extensive use.