Sustainable development within music education is essential, particularly in ensuring that popular music can continually and effectively serve educational systems. This research aims to 1) examine pop music chord progression, 2) develop a chord progression book specifically for teaching music students, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of this educational tool in improving music composition skills. A mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research, was used. Research tools included an interview guide, Ioc forms, a textbook, and a performance assessment form. Interviews were conducted with five experts in pop music composition, while a group of 14 undergraduate music students participated in the experimental study. These methods evaluated how teaching popular music chord composition enhances students’ practical composition abilities. The findings indicate that 1) chord composition in popular music primarily involves five aspects: melody, rhythm, chord structure, music form, and melody development techniques, with melody and chord as the foundational elements; 2) the chord progression textbook for popular music differs from traditional composition theory texts, combining theory and practical application with a focus on chord progression techniques; and 3) instruction in popular music chord composition significantly enhances students’ skills in melody creation, production, and listening, ultimately fostering practical music creation abilities. This study supports the sustainable integration of popular music in both music infrastructure construction and music education system development, offering insights into how such integration can drive long-term advancements in music education.
Objective: To study the changes of growth, physiological and absorption characteristics of Pinus bungeana under ozone (O3) stress, to elucidate the correlations among the indicators, and to determine its degree of response to O3. Methods: The growth, physiological characteristics and O3 uptake capacity of Pinus bungeana seedlings were measured in an open-top O3 fumigation manual control experiment with three concentration gradients (NF: normal atmospheric O3 concentration, NF40: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 40 nmlol/mol; NF80: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 80 nmol/mol), and the relationships between the characteristics of Pinus bungeana under different O3 concentrations were investigated with correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and analysis of variance. Results: (1) Plant height growth (ΔH), diameter growth at 50 cm (ΔDBH), stomatal size (S), stomatal density (M), stomatal opening (K), stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Et), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (CHL), whole tree water consumption (W), and O3 uptake rate () all decreased with the increase of O3 concentration; while intercellular CO2 concentration () and relative conductivity (L) increased with the increase of O3 concentration; (2) growth indicators of Pinus bungeana under O3 stress (ΔH, ΔDBH) were the most correlated with O3 uptake status (, W), followed by photosynthetic indicators (, WUE, ,, ) and growth indicators (ΔH, ΔDBH) and stomatal characteristics (K, M, S) under O3 stress, some physiological indicators (L, ) were relatively weakly correlated with photosynthesis (, WUE,,, ) and stomatal (K, M, S); (3) all the indicators of Pinus bungeana were significantly different under O3 treatments of NF and NF80 (P < 0.05), ΔH, ΔDBH, M, CHL, , , W and were most significantly different under NF and NF40 treatments, and K, S, WUE, , , , L were more significantly different under NF40 and NF80 treatments. Conclusion: The experiment proved that the growth of Pinus bungeana was slowed, photosynthetic capacity was reduced, and the absorption capacity of O3 was further reduced by long-term exposure to high concentration of O3. The growth of Pinus bungeana was most correlated with the changes of O3 absorption characteristics, and the stomatal characteristics were most correlated with photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and the reduction of photosynthetic capacity etc. further led to the curtailment of its growth.
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